Abstract
Background and Aims: Acute exacerbations (AEs) of perinatally-acquired chronic hepatitis B (CHB) are accompanied by increased T cell responses to hepatitis B core and e antigens (HBcAg & HBeAg). Naturally-arising forkhead transcription factor Foxp3 (forkhead box p3)-expressing CD4+CD25+ regulatory T (Treg) cells are thought to be important in the control of infectious diseases. This study aimed to investigate whether HBcAg-specific Treg cells play a role in modulating spontaneous AEs and in influencing the outcome of anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) treatments.
Methods: The SYFPEITHI scoring system was employed to predict epitope peptides on HBcAg overlapping with HBeAg for the construction of peptide-HLA class II tetramers to measure HBcAg-specific Treg cell frequencies (Treg f ).
Results: HBcAg-specific Treg f declined significantly in association with increased HBcAg-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte frequencies during spontaneous AEs without treatment. Vigorous in vitro expansion of CD4+CD25+ Treg cells from CHB patients responding to HBcAg and/or its peptides plus interleukin-2 (IL-2) was consistently detected. Depletion of Treg cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells enhanced proliferation to HBcAg. In contrast, patients with AEs who received anti-HBV treatments with oral nucleoside analogues or interferon-alpha injection revealed that more post-treatment increase of HBcAg-specific Treg f correlated with a higher sustained remission rate to the therapy.
Conclusions: These data indicate that HBcAg-specific Treg cells from perinatally-acquired CHB patients are proliferative to HBcAg and its peptides and exhibit suppressor activity. They play a crucial role in modulating spontaneous AEs and in successful anti-HBV treatments.
Keywords
Chronic Hepatitis B Acute Exacerbation Regulatory T Cell Sustained Remission
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