Which One is More Important, Obesity or Cardio Metabolic Risk Factors?

authors:

avatar Farhad Hosseinpanah ORCID 1 , *

Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism: Vol.11, issue 1; 1-2
published online: December 21, 2012
article type: Editorial
received: August 28, 2012
revised: September 1, 2012
accepted: September 9, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5812/ijem.7963

how to cite: Hosseinpanah F. Which One is More Important, Obesity or Cardio Metabolic Risk Factors?. Int J Endocrinol Metab. 2013;11(1): 1-2. https://doi.org/10.5812/ijem.7963.

Acknowledgements

References

  • 1.

    Karelis AD, St-Pierre DH, Conus F, Rabasa-Lhoret R, Poehlman ET. Metabolic and body composition factors in subgroups of obesity: what do we know? J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004;89(6):2569-75. [PubMed ID: 15181025]. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2004-0165.

  • 2.

    Wildman RP, Muntner P, Reynolds K, McGinn AP, Rajpathak S, Wylie-Rosett J, et al. The obese without cardiometabolic risk factor clustering and the normal weight with cardiometabolic risk factor clustering: prevalence and correlates of 2 phenotypes among the US population (NHANES 1999-2004). Arch Intern Med. 2008;168(15):1617-24. [PubMed ID: 18695075]. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.168.15.1617.

  • 3.

    Hosseinpanah F, Barzin M, Amiri P, Azizi F. The trends of metabolic syndrome in normal-weight Tehranian adults. Ann Nutr Metab. 2011;58(2):126-32. [PubMed ID: 21540582]. https://doi.org/10.1159/000327147.

  • 4.

    Whitlock G, Lewington S, Sherliker P, Clarke R, Emberson J, Halsey J, et al. Body-mass index and cause-specific mortality in 900 000 adults: collaborative analyses of 57 prospective studies. Lancet. 2009;373(9669):1083-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60318-4.

  • 5.

    Wormser D, Kaptoge S, Di Angelantonio E, Wood AM, Pennells L, Thompson A, et al. Separate and combined associations of body-mass index and abdominal adiposity with cardiovascular disease: collaborative analysis of 58 prospective studies. Lancet. 2011;377(9771):1085-95. [PubMed ID: 21397319].

  • 6.

    Meigs JB, Wilson PW, Fox CS, Vasan RS, Nathan DM, Sullivan LM, et al. Body mass index, metabolic syndrome, and risk of type 2 diabetes or cardiovascular disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91(8):2906-12. [PubMed ID: 16735483]. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2006-0594.

  • 7.

    Kip KE, Marroquin OC, Kelley DE, Johnson BD, Kelsey SF, Shaw LJ. Clinical importance of obesity versus the metabolic syndrome in cardiovascular risk in women: a report from the Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE) study. Circulation. 2004;109(6):706-13. [PubMed ID: 14970104]. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.0000115514.44135.A8.

  • 8.

    Romero-Corral A, Somers VK, Sierra-Johnson J, Korenfeld Y, Boarin S, Korinek J, et al. Normal weight obesity: a risk factor for cardiometabolic dysregulation and cardiovascular mortality. Eur Heart J. 2009;31(6):737-46. [PubMed ID: 19933515]. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehp487.

  • 9.

    Hosseinpanah F, Barzin M, Heikholeslami F, Azizi F. Effect of different obesity phenotypes on cardiovascular events in Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS). Am J Cardiol. 2011;107(3):412-6. [PubMed ID: 21257007]. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2010.09.034.

  • 10.

    Hamer M, Stamatakis E. Metabolically healthy obesity and risk of all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012;97(7):2482-8. [PubMed ID: 22508708]. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2011-3475.

  • 11.

    Kuk JL, Ardern CI. Are metabolically normal but obese individuals at lower risk for all-cause mortality? Diabetes Care. 2009;32(12):2297-9. [PubMed ID: 19729521]. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc09-0574.

  • 12.

    Arnlov J, Ingelsson E, Sundstrom J, Lind L. Impact of body mass index and the metabolic syndrome on the risk of cardiovascular disease and death in middle-aged men. Circulation. 2012;121(2):230-6. [PubMed ID: 20038741]. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.887521.

  • 13.

    Pataky Z, Bobbioni-Harsch E, Golay A. Open questions about metabolically normal obesity. Int J Obes (Lond). 2010;34:S18-23. [PubMed ID: 21151142]. https://doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2010.235.

  • 14.

    Bluher M. The distinction of metabolically 'healthy' from 'unhealthy' obese individuals. Curr Opin Lipidol. 2010;21(1):38-43. [PubMed ID: 19915462]. https://doi.org/10.1097/MOL.0b013e3283346ccc.

  • 15.

    Ferket BS, Colkesen EB, Visser JJ, Spronk S, Kraaijenhagen RA, Steyerberg EW, et al. Systematic review of guidelines on cardiovascular risk assessment: Which recommendations should clinicians follow for a cardiovascular health check? Arch Intern Med. 2010;170(1):27-40. [PubMed ID: 20065196]. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinternmed.2009.434.

  • 16.

    Clinical Guidelines on the Identification, Evaluation, and Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adults,The Evidence Report. National Institutes of Health. Obes Res. 1998;6:51S-209S. [PubMed ID: 9813653]. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1550-8528.1998.tb00690.x.

  • 17.

    Obesity: preventing and managing the global epidemic. Report of a WHO consultation. World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser. 2000;894:1-253.

  • 18.

    Cooney MT, Dudina AL, Graham IM. Value and limitations of existing scores for the assessment of cardiovascular risk: a review for clinicians. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009;54(14):1209-27. [PubMed ID: 19778661]. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2009.07.020.