Kowsar Arch Clin Infect Dis 2345-2641 13 4 2017 4 30 10.5812/archcid.57296 Abolghasem Daneshvar Kakhaki Seyed Reza Saghebi Majid Marjani Afshin Monir Case Report 2017 2 5 2016 10 30 2017 4 30 2018 08 30 Introduction : Echinococcosis is still an important public health challenge in endemic areas that is associated with considerable morbidity. A complicated pulmonary hydatid cyst can be a daunting situation if not diagnosed and managed properly. Case Presentation : Our case was a young female with a huge pulmonary hydatid cyst who developed a sudden rupture of cyst. She was operated by an erroneous diagnosis of a complicated diaphragmatic hernia which resulted in a life-threatening event. Conclusions : Based on a broad range of clinical presentations and diverse radiographic appearances, the diagnosis of a complicated pulmonary hydatid cyst is not always straightforward. A pulmonary hydatid cyst, which obscures the diaphragmatic shadow, might be misdiagnosed as a diaphragmatic hernia on plain radiography. Accurate diagnosis depends on a precise clinical judgment particularly in endemic regions, otherwise serious morbidity is anticipated. http://archcid.com/en/articles/57296.html https://cdn.neoscriber.org/cdn/dl/052c27f8-bfc8-11e8-bd3e-bb90ffbd0fef