1 A Systematic Review of the Antimicrobial Properties of Dye-Producing Plants https://brieflands.com/journals/gct/articles/155656 10.5812/gct-155656 1 Introduction :Natural dyes derived from plants have gained significant attention due to their safety compared to chemical dyes. These dyes possess antibacterial properties and have minimal environmental impact. Methods :A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases. The search utilized all available MeSH terms related to medicinal plants, dyes, wool, and antimicrobial properties of plants, covering the period from 2009 to 2020. Results :The findings indicate that numerous plants possess both coloring and antimicrobial properties, although they are currently utilized in limited quantities. Conclusions :The present study aims to introduce plants with antimicrobial and coloring properties for further study. 1 6 Tahereh Eslammanesh Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran Iran dr.eslammanesh@yahoo.com Hossein Pour Masoomi Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran Iran drhpm@yahoo.com Najmeh Molashahi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, Zabol, Iran Iran mollashahinajmeh@gmail.com Shima Mohammadkhani Department of Emergency Medicine, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran Iran dr.mohammadkhani@yahoo.com Masoomeh Rezaei Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran Iran rezaemasoomeh@yahoo.com Marziye Rezaei Department of Carpet, Faculty of Art and Architecture, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran Iran m.rezaei@arts.usb.ac.ir No Keyword 1.pdf [0]Niinimäki K, Peters G, Dahlbo H, Perry P, Rissanen T, Gwilt A.The environmental price of fast fashion. 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1 Exploring the Role of MiR-373 in Colorectal Cancer Development and Progression https://brieflands.com/journals/gct/articles/159893 10.5812/gct-159893 1 Context :Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally. Its progression is influenced by various molecular factors, including the dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs). MiR-373 is an oncogenic miRNA implicated in the development of CRC, but its precise role in tumor progression and metastasis remains under investigation. Objectives :This review aims to evaluate the role of miR-373 in CRC progression, focusing on its impact on key cellular processes such as proliferation, migration, and invasion. Additionally, the review explores the potential of miR-373 as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in CRC. Methods :A systematic search was conducted using databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar to identify studies published from 2000 to 2025. The review includes studies that investigate miR-373 expression, its regulation of tumor suppressor genes, and its involvement in oncogenic signaling pathways, particularly those linked to CRC progression. Results :MiR-373 is often overexpressed in CRC tissues, promoting tumor growth by regulating critical cellular processes. It suppresses tumor suppressor genes like PTEN and TP53INP1, resulting in uncontrolled cell proliferation, reduced apoptosis, and enhanced invasion. Higher miR-373 levels are associated with advanced disease stages, metastasis, and poor clinical outcomes, suggesting its potential as a prognostic marker and therapeutic target. Conclusions :MiR-373 contributes significantly to CRC development and progression. Its upregulation is linked to increased tumor aggressiveness, metastasis, and resistance to therapy, making it a promising candidate for early detection and targeted therapies in CRC. Further studies should focus on modulating miR-373 expression to improve clinical outcomes. 1 7 Mohammad Kordkatouli Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, GO.C, Islamic Azad University, Gorgan, Iran Young Research and Elite Club, GO.C, Islamic Azad University, Gorgan, Iran Iran Iran mohammad.kordkatouli@outlook.com Aryan Sateei Department of Biology, GO.C, Islamic Azad University, Gorgan, Iran Institute of Medicinal Plants Research, GO.C, Islamic Azad University, Gorgan, Iran Iran Iran saateyi@gmail.com Amirhossein Jafari Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Faculty Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran Studant Research Center, Faculty Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran Iran Iran amirhosseinjef3@gmail.com Tayyebeh Khoshbakht Clinical Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway Norway sare.khoshbakht@gmail.com Audrius Dulskas Department of Abdominal and General Surgery and Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Vilnius, Lithuania Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania Lithuania Lithuania audrius.dulskas@gmail.com Mohammad Maroufi Department of Biology, UR.C, Islamic Azad University, Urmia, Iran Iran mmdmrufi@gmail.com No Keyword 2.pdf [0]Gregory RI, Chendrimada TP, Shiekhattar R.MicroRNA biogenesis: isolation and characterization of the microprocessor complex. Methods Mol Biol. 2006;342:33-47. [PubMed ID: 16957365]. doi: 10.1385/1-59745-123-1:33.##[1]Mohammadi Bondarkhilli SA, Kordkatouli M, Maroufi M, Dulskas A.Oncogenic and anticancer roles of miRNAs in colorectal cancer: A review. Micro Nano Bio Aspects. 2024;3(1):14-22.##[2]Han J, Jiang Q, Ma R, Zhang H, Tong D, Tang K, et al.Norepinephrine-CREB1-miR-373 axis promotes progression of colon cancer. Mol Oncol. 2020;14(5):1059-73. [PubMed ID: 32118353]. [PubMed Central ID: PMC7191185]. doi: 10.1002/1878-0261.12657.##[3]Chen Q, Li Y, Lu T, Luo J, Yang L, Zhou Z, et al.miR-373 promotes invasion and metastasis of colorectal cancer by targeting PTEN. Sci Rep. 2023;13(1). [PubMed ID: 38167930]. [PubMed Central ID: PMC10762131]. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-49565-5.##[4]Kordkatouli M, Sateei A, Mahmood Janlou MA.Roles of miR-21 in the Onset and Advancement of Colorectal Cancer (CRC). Multidisciplinary Cancer Investigation. 2024;8(1):0.##[5]Kordkatouli M, Sateei A, Dulskas A.Potential roles and mechanisms of Avena sativa in cancer prevention. Multidisciplinary Cancer Investigation. 2024:0.##[6]Kordkatouli M, Janlou MAM, Sateei A, Mousavi MMH, Dulskas A.Recent Progress in Nanoparticle-Driven Drug Delivery Strategies for Cancer Therapy: Focus on Colorectal Cancer. Zahedan J Res Med Sci.##[7]Kordkatouli M, CHO WC, Mohammad Bondarkhilli SA, Dulskas A, Qureshi SAM.Oct-4 and Its Role in the Oncogenesis of Colorectal Cancer. Middle East J Cancer. 2024;15(2_Supplement).##[8]Valizadeh M, Vafaei M, Maroufi M, Emamirad S.Identification of oncogenic microRNAs and their target genes in tissue samples of colorectal cancer: Gene set enrichment analysis. Micro Nano Bio Aspects. 2024;3(3):50-67.##[9]Ghasemi M, Kordkatouli M, Salari Z, Yusofvand R, Samian P.The Role of LncRNA ROR in Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment. Zahedan J Res Med Sci.##[10]Wang W, Li Y, Wu M, Xiong A, Wang M.Upregulation of microRNA-373 in human colorectal carcinoma by targeting CD44. Int J Clin Exp Med. 2016;9(7):12594-602.##[11]Wang LQ, Yu P, Li B, Guo YH, Liang ZR, Zheng LL, et al.miR-372 and miR-373 enhance the stemness of colorectal cancer cells by repressing differentiation signaling pathways. Mol Oncol. 2018;12(11):1949-64. [PubMed ID: 30171794]. [PubMed Central ID: PMC6210048]. doi: 10.1002/1878-0261.12376.##[12]Ullmann P, Rodriguez F, Schmitz M, Meurer SK, Qureshi-Baig K, Felten P, et al.The miR-371 approximately 373 Cluster Represses Colon Cancer Initiation and Metastatic Colonization by Inhibiting the TGFBR2/ID1 Signaling Axis. Cancer Res. 2018;78(14):3793-808. [PubMed ID: 29748374]. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-17-3003.##[13]Eyking A, Reis H, Frank M, Gerken G, Schmid KW, Cario E.MiR-205 and MiR-373 Are Associated with Aggressive Human Mucinous Colorectal Cancer. PLoS One. 2016;11(6). e0156871. [PubMed ID: 27271572]. [PubMed Central ID: PMC4894642]. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156871.##[14]Gezici S, Sekeroglu N.Regulation of microRNAs by natural products and bioactive compounds obtained from common medicinal plants: novel strategy in cancer therapy. cancer. 2017;1(4):71.##[15]Paczynska P, Grzemski A, Szydlowski M.Distribution of miRNA genes in the pig genome. BMC Genet. 2015;16(1):6. [PubMed ID: 25632794]. [PubMed Central ID: PMC4318388]. doi: 10.1186/s12863-015-0166-3.##[16]Zhang D, Hao P, Jin L, Wang Y, Yan Z, Wu S.MicroRNA‑940 promotes cell proliferation and invasion of glioma by directly targeting Kruppel‑like factor 9. Molecular Med Rep. 2019;19(1):734-42.##[17]Carroll AP, Goodall GJ, Liu B.Understanding principles of miRNA target recognition and function through integrated biological and bioinformatics approaches. Wiley Interdiscip Rev RNA. 2014;5(3):361-79. 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1 Identification of Reliable Housekeeping Genes for qRT-PCR Normalization in Neuroblastoma and Glioblastoma Cell Lines Infected with Lentivirus https://brieflands.com/journals/gct/articles/161203 10.5812/gct-161203 1 Background :Lentivirus infection significantly impacts gene expression in host cells, including the regulation of housekeeping genes, which are essential for normalization in quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR). This normalization reduces measurement errors arising from sample quality variations, RNA extraction methods, and experimental conditions. In the context of glioblastoma (GBM) and neuroblastoma (NB) — two malignancies characterized by poor prognoses and limited progression-free survival — it is crucial to identify stable reference genes to ensure accurate gene expression analysis. Objectives :Reliable normalization provides more trustworthy insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying tumor progression and may inform the development of targeted therapeutic strategies. Methods :The expression stability of eight housekeeping genes (RPL32, RPS23, GAPDH, 18S rRNA, TUB, ACTB, HPRT, and TBP) in U87 glioblastoma cells and seven genes (RPL32, HPRT, GAPDH, 18S rRNA, TUB, ACTB, and RPII) in SH-SY5Y NB cells was evaluated using RT-qPCR. Gene stability was analyzed using four statistical tools: GeNorm (pairwise variation-based ranking), NormFinder (model-based variance estimation), BestKeeper (standard deviation and CV analysis), and RefFinder (integrative ranking). Each experiment was performed in three biological replicates and analyzed in technical triplicate to ensure statistical robustness. Results :In SH-SY5Y cells, ACTB, RPL32, and RPII were consistently identified as the most stable reference genes across GeNorm, NormFinder, and BestKeeper analyses, while TUB was ranked as the least stable. In U87 cells, GeNorm ranked RPS23/HPRT as the most stable, NormFinder favored TUB/GAPDH, and BestKeeper prioritized ACTB/RPL32. Although slight differences in the gene rankings were observed among the different statistical tools, the overall selection of the most stable reference genes remained consistent. RefFinder’s integrative analysis resolved these discrepancies, identifying 18S (M = 0.18) and GAPDH as the most stable genes, and ACTB/HPRT as the least stable genes in U87. In SH-SY5Y, ACTB and RPL32 (M = 0.22) were the most stable genes, and TUB was the least stable (M = 2.45). Conclusions :This study provides a framework for reliable gene expression analysis in lentivirus-infected models. Our findings highlight the context-dependent stability of housekeeping genes, necessitating validation in diverse experimental settings (e.g., alternative viruses, primary cells) to ensure broader applicability. By emphasizing rigorous normalization, this work enhances reproducibility in gene expression studies and advances translational research in viral oncology and neuro-oncology, particularly for glioblastoma and NB therapeutics. 1 11 Sareh Shahsavarpour Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran Iran r.savari93@gmail.com Mohammad Shafiei Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran Iran m.shafiei@scu.ac.ir Emanuele Buratti International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy Italy emanuele.buratti@icgeb.org Hamid Galehdari Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran Iran galehdari187@yahoo.com No Keyword 3.pdf [0]Davies KA, Welch SR, Sorvillo TE, Coleman-McCray JD, Martin ML, Brignone JM, et al.Optimal reference genes for RNA tissue analysis in small animal models of hemorrhagic fever viruses. Sci Rep. 2023;13(1):19384. 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1 Evaluation of Antifungal Effects of Various Extracts of Indigo (<i>Indigofera tinctoria</i>) on <i>Phytophthora</i> Fungus In Vitro https://brieflands.com/journals/gct/articles/162066 10.5812/gct-162066 1 Background :The damage to agricultural products caused by fungal diseases accounts for approximately 12% of global production, with a higher impact in developing countries. One particularly destructive disease that inflicts significant damage on vegetable crops and greenhouses annually is seedling death and bush dieback disease, caused by the Phytophthora fungus. Currently, producers often rely heavily on chemical fertilizers and pesticides to enhance productivity and product quality. However, the use of some synthetic pesticides has recently been banned due to their high toxicity and long preharvest interval (PHI) periods. Biological control of plant diseases and pests is the optimal solution to mitigate the damages caused by synthetic pesticides. Objectives :This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro antifungal efficacy of different extracts derived from the aerial shoot of Indigofera tinctoria against plant pathogenic fungi. Methods :The aerial shoots of the Indigo plant were collected during the flowering stage from the medicinal plants collection of the Institute of Agricultural Research, Agriculture Institute Research, Institute of Zabol, Zabol, Iran. Ethanolic, methanolic, n-hexane, and acetone extracts were prepared by cold maceration with a ratio of 1:10. The antifungal effects of these extracts were investigated by measuring the diameter of halo growth inhibition under in vitro conditions. The LSD test was used to compare data means. Results :Our results showed that the best growth-inhibiting effect was observed with the ethanolic extract at a concentration of 300 μg/mL (2 mm) after 24 hours of incubation, whereas the diameter of colonies in the control was 27 mm, confirming a 92.5% inhibition of fungal growth. After 48 hours of incubation, the growth of Phytophthora drechsleri mycelium was clearly evident. In fact, the growth rate nearly doubled within 48 hours, but then at 73 hours, the mycelium grew at a slower rate. The inhibitory effect of the indigo extract was dose-dependent; as the extract concentration increased, the inhibitory effect became stronger. Conclusions :According to these results, the in vitro treatments were more significant when the plant extract concentration was higher. These findings could be promising for the production of natural fungicides. 1 5 Zeynab Mohkami Department of Agriculture and Plant Breeding, Agriculture Institute, Research Institute of Zabol, Zabol, Iran Iran zaynabmohkami@uoz.ac.ir Fatemeh Bidarnamani Department of Agriculture and Plant Breeding, Agriculture Institute, Research Institute of Zabol, Zabol, Iran Iran f.bidarnamani@uoz.ac.ir Yasub Shiri Department of Agriculture and Plant Breeding, Agriculture Institute, Research Institute of Zabol, Zabol, Iran Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Mohaghegh Ardabili University, Ardabil, Iran Iran Iran yasub.shiri@gmail.com Dariush Ramezan Department of Horticultural Sciences and Green Space, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol,Zabol,Iran Iran drhorticul@uoz.ac.ir Yusuf Farrokhzad Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran Iran farrokhzadyusuf@gmail.com No Keyword 4.pdf [0]Bajpai VK.In Vitro and In Vivo Inhibition of Plant Pathogenic Fungi by Essential Oil and Extracts of Magnolia liliflora Desr. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology. 2012;14(4):845-56.##[1]Sitara U, Niaz I, Naseem J, Sultana N.Antifungal effect of essential oils on in vitro growth of pathogenic fungi. Pakistan Journal of Botany. 2008;40(1):409.##[2]Etebarian HR.[Diseases of vegetable and cucurbit and their control]. Univ Tehran. 2012;40(1):600.FA.##[3]Pal KK, McSpadden Gardener B.Biological Control of Plant Pathogens. The Plant Health Instructor. 2006. doi: 10.1094/phi-a-2006-1117-02.##[4]Soković M, van Griensven LJ.Antimicrobial activity of essential oils and their components against the three major pathogens of the cultivated button mushroom, Agaricus bisporus. European Journal of Plant Pathology. 2006;116(3):211-24. doi: 10.1007/s10658-006-9053-0.##[5]Rasooli I, Moosavi ML, Rezaee MB, Jaimand K.Susceptibility of microorganisms to Myrtus communis L. essential oil and its chemical composition. Agriculture Science Technol. 2018;(4):127-33.##[6]Cowan MM.Plant products as antimicrobial agents. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1999;12(4):564-82. [PubMed ID: 10515903]. [PubMed Central ID: PMC88925]. doi: 10.1128/CMR.12.4.564.##[7]Amini M, Safaie N, Salmani MJ, Shams-Bakhsh M.Antifungal activity of three medicinal plant essential oils against some phytopathogenic fungi. Trakia J Sci. 2012;10(1):1-8.##[8]Meazza G, Dayan FE, Wedge DE.Activity of quinones on colletotrichum species. J Agric Food Chem. 2003;51(13):3824-8. [PubMed ID: 12797750]. doi: 10.1021/jf0343229.##[9]Oliveira I, Sousa A, Ferreira IC, Bento A, Estevinho L, Pereira JA.Total phenols, antioxidant potential and antimicrobial activity of walnut (Juglans regia L.) green husks. Food Chem Toxicol. 2008;46(7):2326-31. [PubMed ID: 18448225]. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2008.03.017.##[10]Fernández-Agulló A, Pereira E, Freire MS, Valentão P, Andrade PB, González-Álvarez J, et al.Influence of solvent on the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of walnut (Juglans regia L.) green husk extracts. Industrial Crops and Products. 2013;42:126-32. doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2012.05.021.##[11]Stampar F, Solar A, Hudina M, Veberic R, Colaric M.Traditional walnut liqueur – cocktail of phenolics. Food Chemistry. 2006;95(4):627-31. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.01.035.##[12]Mikulic-Petkovsek M, Slatnar A, Veberic R, Stampar F, Solar A.Phenolic response in green walnut husk after the infection with bacteria Xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology. 2011;76(3-4):159-65. doi: 10.1016/j.pmpp.2011.09.006.##[13]Satish S, Raveesha KA, Janardhana GR.Antibacterial activity of plant extracts on phytopathogenic Xanthomonas campestris pathovars. Letters in Applied Microbiology. 2002;28(2):145-7. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2672.1999.00479.x.##[14]Guleria S, Tiku AK.Botanicals in Pest Management: Current Status and Future Perspectives. Integrated Pest Management: Innovation-Development Process. 2009. p. 317-29. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4020-8992-3_12.##[15]Xu Y, Wu M, Feng XZ, Yin XB, He XW, Zhang YK.Reduced carbon dots versus oxidized carbon dots: photo- and electrochemiluminescence investigations for selected applications. Chemistry. 2013;19(20):6282-8. [PubMed ID: 23526652]. doi: 10.1002/chem.201204372.##[16]V SS, S GK, N MD.GC-MS Analysis and Phytochemical Screening of Indigofera tinctoria (Linn.) Leaf Extract Characterizing its Medicinal Use. International Journal of Ayurvedic Medicine. 2020;11(2):289-99. doi: 10.47552/ijam.v11i2.1540.##[17]Riccioni L, Orzali L.Activity of Tea Tree (Melaleuca alternifolia, Cheel) and thyme (Thymus vulgaris, Linnaeus.) Essential Oils against Some Pathogenic Seed Borne Fungi. Journal of Essential Oil Research. 2011;23(6):43-7. doi: 10.1080/10412905.2011.9712280.##[18]Colak M, Göktaş O, Özen E, Koca I, Cetin T.Research on the usage of antifungal and antibacterial properties of indigo (indigofera tinctoria l.) colorant used as a wood preservative. Wood Res. 2015;60(6):953-62.##[19]Bhat SA, Zargar MI, Wani SUD, Mohiuddin I, Masoodi MH, Shakeel F, et al.In-vitro evaluation of Indigofera heterantha extracts for antibacterial, antifungal and anthelmintic activities. J Pharm Health Care Sci. 2024;10(1):7. [PubMed ID: 38268049]. [PubMed Central ID: PMC10809583]. doi: 10.1186/s40780-024-00328-y.##

1 Optimization of In Vitro Maturation in Ovine Oocytes: A Comparative Study of Maturation Media https://brieflands.com/journals/gct/articles/160506 10.5812/gct-160506 1 Background :One of the most common techniques in assisted reproductive technologies (ART) is in vitro embryo production (IVEP), the success of which depends on the intrinsic quality of oocytes and the composition of the culture medium. Objectives :This study investigates the effects of gonadotropin hormones (such as eCG and hCG) along with the antioxidant quercetin on the maturation of ovine oocytes, as well as the impact of different media on the expression of Bcl2 and Bax genes in blastocysts. Methods :After washing the oocytes, cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) that exhibited three or more layers of cells and homogeneous cytoplasm were selected and matured in BO-IVM, TCM (TCM-199 + 10% FBS + 10% ovine follicular fluid + 5 mg/mL FSH + 1 mg/mL estradiol-17β + 0.81 mM sodium pyruvate + 50 mg/mL gentamicin sulfate), and TCM+ (TCM + 20 µg/mL eCG + 5 µg/mL hCG + 15 µg/mL quercetin) media for 24 hours at 38.5°C, 20% O2, and 5% CO2. After maturation, oocytes were fertilized with frozen ram semen, and presumed zygotes were cultured in BO-IVC under uniform conditions. Embryo development occurred at 38.5°C in a humid atmosphere with 5% CO2, 5% O2, and 90% N2. Results :The results indicated that the BO-IVM medium had a significantly higher mean percentage of zygotes, morulae, blastocysts, and hatched blastocysts compared to TCM+ and TCM (P < 0.05). Moreover, blastocyst formation and hatched blastocysts were significantly more frequent in TCM+ than in TCM (P < 0.05). However, the BO-IVM medium demonstrated a significant improvement compared to other maturation media. Gene expression analysis showed no significant difference in Bcl2 expression among the groups, while Bax expression was significantly higher in TCM (P < 0.05). Overall, the BO-IVM medium was identified as the best option for optimizing oocyte maturation and producing high-quality blastocysts in ovine, with TCM+ yielding better results than the TCM medium without hormonal and antioxidant compounds. Conclusions :The results of this study showed that the addition of the antioxidant quercetin and the growth factors eCG and hCG improved the performance of the TCM medium. However, further research is needed to enhance the performance of the TCM maturation medium compared to the commercial BO-IVM medium. 1 8 Abbas Darzi Nia Department of Agriculture, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST), Tehran, Iran Iran a1darzinia@gmail.com Mohammad Zandi Department of Agriculture, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST), Tehran, Iran Iran mz1075@yahoo.com Annahita Ghaedrahmati Department of Animal Science, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Khuzestan, Iran Iran rahmati.annahita1372@yahoo.com No Keyword 5.pdf [0]Musapoor S, Davoodian N, Kadivar A, Ahmadi E, Nazari H.Media Supplementation With Gamma-Oryzanol Improves the Outcome of Ovine Oocyte Maturation In Vitro. Vet Med Sci. 2025;11(1). e70134. [PubMed ID: 39688528]. 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J Appl Biosci. 2009;24:1520-34.##[5]Wei SC, Gong ZD, Zhao HW, Liang HQ, Lai LJ, Deng YY.Equine chorionic gonadotropin influence on sheep oocyte in vitro maturation, apoptosis, and follicle-stimulating hormone receptor and luteinizing hormone receptor expression. Genet Mol Res. 2016;15(4):1-12.##[6]Zhu J, Moawad AR, Wang CY, Li HF, Ren JY, Dai YF.Advances in in vitro production of sheep embryos. Int J Vet Sci Med. 2018;6(Suppl):S15-26. [PubMed ID: 30761316]. [PubMed Central ID: PMC6161858]. doi: 10.1016/j.ijvsm.2018.02.003.##[7]Bastos BDM, da Silva MNP, Gonçalves PR, Cândido AECM, Barberino RDS, do Monte APO, et al.Effect of different gonadotropins on in vitro maturation of sheep oocytes. Semina: Cienc. 2022;43(6).##[8]Russell DL, Gilchrist RB, Brown HM, Thompson JG.Bidirectional communication between cumulus cells and the oocyte: Old hands and new players? Theriogenology. 2016;86(1):62-8. [PubMed ID: 27160446]. doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.04.019.##[9]Chandra V, Sharma GT.In vitro strategies to enhance oocyte developmental competence. Front Biosci (Schol Ed). 2020;12(1):116-36. [PubMed ID: 32114451]. doi: 10.2741/S543.##[10]Karami Shabankareh H, Sarsaifi K, Mehrannia T.In vitro maturation of ovine oocytes using different maturation media: effect of human menopausal serum. J Assist Reprod Genet. 2011;28(6):531-7. [PubMed ID: 21152965]. [PubMed Central ID: PMC3158248]. doi: 10.1007/s10815-010-9523-3.##[11]Gupta PS, Nandi S, Ravindranatha BM, Sarma PV.Effect of commercially available PMSG on maturation, fertilization and embryo development of buffalo oocytes in vitro. Reprod Fertil Dev. 2001;13(5-6):355-60. [PubMed ID: 11833930]. doi: 10.1071/rd01026.##[12]Di Berardino C, Peserico A, Capacchietti G, Crociati M, Monaci M, Tosi U, et al.Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin as an Effective FSH Replacement for In Vitro Ovine Follicle and Oocyte Development. 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1 Aerobic Exercise and Celastrol: A Promising Combination for Achilles Tendon Regeneration https://brieflands.com/journals/gct/articles/160515 10.5812/gct-160515 1 Background :Tendons are subjected to mechanical stress and strain during daily activities and physical exercise, which makes them susceptible to injury. Objectives :This randomized trial evaluated the effects of a 4-week combination of training and celastrol on the healing of Achilles tendon ruptures in rats. It assessed cytokine levels, gene expression, and histological changes. Methods :Rats with Achilles tendon ruptures were randomly assigned to several treatment groups: Sham, negative control, training, celastrol, and a combination of training and celastrol. Eligibility criteria included age, weight, and the absence of pre-existing tendon injuries. The assessments included enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to measure cytokine levels [bFGF, IGF1, cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2)], real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to analyze gene expression (scleraxis, periostin, MMP9, collagen I), and histological analysis using Masson's trichrome staining to evaluate collagen organization. Results :The training-celastrol group exhibited the highest levels of bFGF, IGF1, and COX2, indicating a synergistic effect on tendon healing compared to the sham and negative control groups, with effect sizes of 0.85 (95% CI: 0.70 - 1.00). Additionally, RT-PCR results showed that the training-celastrol group had the highest expression of scleraxis, periostin, MMP9, and collagen I, suggesting enhanced tendon repair and remodeling. Histological analysis revealed that the training-celastrol group displayed the most organized collagen fibers, whereas the sham group showed regular organization, and the negative control group exhibited disorganized fibers. Conclusions :The study concluded that combining aerobic training and celastrol significantly enhances tendon healing by improving cytokine levels, gene expression, and collagen organization. Outcome measures were assessed at baseline, mid-treatment (week 2), and post-treatment (week 4) to evaluate temporal changes. These findings highlight the effectiveness of these therapeutic strategies in promoting tendon repair and maintaining structural integrity. 1 12 Arash Bagherzadeh Department of Sports Physiology, Islamic Azad University, Islamshahr Branch, Islamshahr, Iran Iran arashbagherzadeh@live.com Yaser Kazemzadeh Department of Sports Physiology, Islamic Azad University, Islamshahr Branch, Islamshahr, Iran Iran yaser.kazemzadeh@yahoo.com Arash Abdolmaleki Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Advanced Technologies, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Namin, Iran Iran abdolmalekiarash1364@gmail.com Zohreh Afsharmand Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Islamshahr Branch, Tehran, Iran Iran afsharmandz231@gmail.com No Keyword 6.pdf [0]Kjaer M.Role of extracellular matrix in adaptation of tendon and skeletal muscle to mechanical loading. Physiol Rev. 2004;84(2):649-98. 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[PubMed Central ID: PMC9396922]. doi: 10.1302/2046-3758.118.BJR-2021-0576.R1.##[4]Tipton CM, Vailas AC, Matthes RD.Experimental studies on the influences of physical activity on ligaments, tendons and joints: a brief review. Acta Med Scand Suppl. 1986;711:157-68. [PubMed ID: 3535407]. doi: 10.1111/j.0954-6820.1986.tb08945.x.##[5]Grosset JF, Breen L, Stewart CE, Burgess KE, Onambele GL.Influence of exercise intensity on training-induced tendon mechanical properties changes in older individuals. Age (Dordr). 2014;36(3):9657. [PubMed ID: 24760611]. [PubMed Central ID: PMC4082599]. doi: 10.1007/s11357-014-9657-9.##[6]Bezerra MA, Lemos A, Lira KD, Silveira PV, Coutinho MP, E. Moraes SR.Does aerobic exercise training promote changes in structural and biomechanical properties of the tendons in experimental animals? A systematic review. Biol Sport. 2012;29(4):249-54. [PubMed ID: 24868114]. [PubMed Central ID: PMC4033057]. doi: 10.5604/20831862.1019661.##[7]Standley RA, Harber MP, Lee JD, Konopka AR, Trappe SW, Trappe TA.Influence of aerobic cycle exercise training on patellar tendon cross-sectional area in older women. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2013;23(3):367-73. [PubMed ID: 22092782]. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2011.01396.x.##[8]Wu T, Liu S, Wen G, Xu J, Yu Y, Chai Y.Celastrol improves self-renewal and differentiation of human tendon-derived stem cells by suppressing Smad7 through hypoxia. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2017;8(1):274. [PubMed ID: 29202812]. [PubMed Central ID: PMC5715986]. doi: 10.1186/s13287-017-0724-x.##[9]Hu X, Gu Y, Wu Q, Jiang F, Song Z.Celastrol enhances bone wound healing in rats. Acta Biochim Pol. 2022;69(4):839-45. [PubMed ID: 36459539]. doi: 10.18388/abp.2020_6270.##[10]Al-Saedi HF, Ghanimi HA, Khoshnazar SM, Ghayour MB, Abdolmaleki A.Neuroprotective effects of celastrol on sciatic nerve transection model in male Wistar rats. Iran J Basic Med Sci. 2022;25(10):1251-9. [PubMed ID: 36311198]. [PubMed Central ID: PMC9588314]. doi: 10.22038/IJBMS.2022.66614.14617.##[11]Strom AC, Casillas MM.Achilles tendon rehabilitation. Foot Ankle Clin. 2009;14(4):773-82. [PubMed ID: 19857848]. doi: 10.1016/j.fcl.2009.08.003.##[12]Wezenbeek E, De Clercq D, Mahieu N, Willems T, Witvrouw E.Activity-Induced Increase in Achilles Tendon Blood Flow Is Age and Sex Dependent. Am J Sports Med. 2018;46(11):2678-86. [PubMed ID: 30067065]. doi: 10.1177/0363546518786259.##[13]Fontana K, Almeida FM, Tomiosso TC, Pimentel ER, Hofling MA.Effect of high intensity aerobic exercise and mesterolone on remodeling of Achilles tendon of C57BL/6 transgenic mice. Cell Tissue Res. 2010;339(2):411-20. [PubMed ID: 19902256]. doi: 10.1007/s00441-009-0894-7.##[14]Guzzoni V, Selistre-de-Araujo HS, Marqueti RC.Tendon Remodeling in Response to Resistance Training, Anabolic Androgenic Steroids and Aging. Cells. 2018;7(12). [PubMed ID: 30544536]. [PubMed Central ID: PMC6316563]. doi: 10.3390/cells7120251.##[15]Magnusson SP, Langberg H, Kjaer M.The pathogenesis of tendinopathy: balancing the response to loading. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2010;6(5):262-8. [PubMed ID: 20308995]. doi: 10.1038/nrrheum.2010.43.##[16]Alfredson H, Pietila T, Jonsson P, Lorentzon R.Heavy-load eccentric calf muscle training for the treatment of chronic Achilles tendinosis. Am J Sports Med. 1998;26(3):360-6. [PubMed ID: 9617396]. doi: 10.1177/03635465980260030301.##[17]Cook JL, Purdam CR.Is tendon pathology a continuum? A pathology model to explain the clinical presentation of load-induced tendinopathy. Br J Sports Med. 2009;43(6):409-16. [PubMed ID: 18812414]. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.2008.051193.##[18]Kongsgaard M, Kovanen V, Aagaard P, Doessing S, Hansen P, Laursen AH, et al.Corticosteroid injections, eccentric decline squat training and heavy slow resistance training in patellar tendinopathy. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2009;19(6):790-802. [PubMed ID: 19793213]. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2009.00949.x.##[19]Chen H, Li S, Xiao H, Wu B, Zhou L, Hu J, et al.Effect of Exercise Intensity on the Healing of the Bone-Tendon Interface: A Mouse Rotator Cuff Injury Model Study. Am J Sports Med. 2021;49(8):2064-73. [PubMed ID: 33989078]. doi: 10.1177/03635465211011751.##[20]Gao Q, Qin H, Zhu L, Li D, Hao X.Celastrol attenuates collagen-induced arthritis via inhibiting oxidative stress in rats. Int Immunopharmacol. 2020;84:106527. [PubMed ID: 32402948]. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106527.##[21]Zhang J, Wang R, Cheng L, Xu H.Celastrol inhibit the proliferation, invasion and migration of human cervical HeLa cancer cells through down-regulation of MMP-2 and MMP-9. J Cell Mol Med. 2021;25(11):5335-8. [PubMed ID: 33945201]. [PubMed Central ID: PMC8178258]. doi: 10.1111/jcmm.16488.##[22]Wang W, Ha C, Lin T, Wang D, Wang Y, Gong M.Celastrol attenuates pain and cartilage damage via SDF-1/CXCR4 signalling pathway in osteoarthritis rats. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2018;70(1):81-8. [PubMed ID: 28994112]. doi: 10.1111/jphp.12835.##[23]Guan Y, Cui ZJ, Sun B, Han LP, Li CJ, Chen LM.Celastrol attenuates oxidative stress in the skeletal muscle of diabetic rats by regulating the AMPK-PGC1alpha-SIRT3 signaling pathway. Int J Mol Med. 2016;37(5):1229-38. [PubMed ID: 27049825]. [PubMed Central ID: PMC4829141]. doi: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2549.##[24]Arvind V, Huang AH.Reparative and Maladaptive Inflammation in Tendon Healing. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2021;9:719047. [PubMed ID: 34350166]. [PubMed Central ID: PMC8327090]. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.719047.##[25]Gumucio JP, Schonk MM, Kharaz YA, Comerford E, Mendias CL.Scleraxis is required for the growth of adult tendons in response to mechanical loading. JCI Insight. 2020;5(13). [PubMed ID: 32463804]. 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1 The Effect of Branched-Chain Amino Acids (L-Valine, L-Leucine and L-Isoleucine) on Intestinal Morphology and IGF-1 Gene Expression in Broiler Chickens https://brieflands.com/journals/gct/articles/157575 10.5812/gct-157575 1 Background :Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) is an important regulator of growth, amino acid (AA) elongation, glucose metabolism, DNA synthesis, protein synthesis, and the proliferation and differentiation of various cell types. Therefore, IGF-1 may affect intestinal morphology by increasing nutrient uptake into intestinal enterocytes and promoting cell proliferation. Objectives :The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of different levels of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) (L-valine, L-leucine, and L-isoleucine) in low crude protein (CP) diets on intestinal morphology and IGF-1 gene expression in broiler chickens. Methods :A total of 480 one-day-old male and female broilers of the Ross 308 strain, with an average weight of 42.75 ± 0.47 g, were used. This experiment was carried out as a 3 × 2 factorial in the form of a completely randomized design with 6 treatments and 4 replications. The experimental diets included three levels of BCAA (0%, 10%, and 20% higher than the standard) and two levels of CP (standard or 10% lower than the standard). Results :Using 20% BCAA in the diet increased the villus height to crypt depth (VH/CD) ratio in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum compared to the standard level of BCAA (P < 0.05). Reducing CP by 10% significantly lowered the VH/CD ratio in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum (P < 0.05). The expression of IGF-1 mRNA in liver tissue was higher in the groups containing 10% BCAA than in the standard BCAA groups, regardless of the CP level. Conclusions :In general, BCAA supplementation could be beneficial for improving intestinal morphology and IGF-1 gene expression in broiler chickens on low CP diets. 1 8 Shahriyar Khalilzadeh Department of Animal Science, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran Iran 1980shahriyar@gmail.com Abolfazl Zarei Department of Animal Science, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran Iran a-zarei@kiau.ac.ir Nima Eila Department of Animal Science, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran Iran nima.eila@kiau.ac.ir No Keyword 7.pdf [0]Kamran Z, Sarwar M, Mahr un N, Nadeem MA, Mushtaq T, Ahmed T, et al.Effect of Low Levels of Dietary Protein on Growth, Protein Utilisation and Body Composition of Broiler Chicks from One to Twenty-Six Days of Age. Avian Biol Res. 2008;1(1):19-25. doi: 10.3184/175815508x336639.##[1]Norouzian H, Alirezaei M, Dezfoulian O, Taati M.The effects of Post-Hatch Feeding with Betaine on the Intestinal Development of Broiler Chickens. Brazilian J Poult Sci. 2018;20(3):403-12. doi: 10.1590/1806-9061-2017-0468.##[2]Widyaratne GP, Drew MD.Effects of protein level and digestibility on the growth and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens. Poult Sci. 2011;90(3):595-603. [PubMed ID: 21325230]. doi: 10.3382/ps.2010-01098.##[3]Shepherd EM, Fairchild BD.Footpad dermatitis in poultry. Poult Sci. 2010;89(10):2043-51. [PubMed ID: 20852093]. doi: 10.3382/ps.2010-00770.##[4]Hou Y, Yin Y, Wu G.Dietary essentiality of "nutritionally non-essential amino acids" for animals and humans. Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2015;240(8):997-1007. [PubMed ID: 26041391]. [PubMed Central ID: PMC4935284]. doi: 10.1177/1535370215587913.##[5]Adeva-Andany MM, Lopez-Maside L, Donapetry-Garcia C, Fernandez-Fernandez C, Sixto-Leal C.Enzymes involved in branched-chain amino acid metabolism in humans. Amino Acids. 2017;49(6):1005-28. [PubMed ID: 28324172]. doi: 10.1007/s00726-017-2412-7.##[6]Zhou H, Mitchell AD, McMurtry JP, Ashwell CM, Lamont SJ.Insulin-like growth factor-I gene polymorphism associations with growth, body composition, skeleton integrity, and metabolic traits in chickens. Poult Sci. 2005;84(2):212-9. [PubMed ID: 15742956]. doi: 10.1093/ps/84.2.212.##[7]D'Mello JP, Lewis D.Amino acid interactions in chick nutrition. 2. Interrelationships between leucine, isoleucine and valine. Br Poult Sci. 1970;11(3):313-23. [PubMed ID: 5433122]. doi: 10.1080/00071667008415821.##[8]Velloso CP.Regulation of muscle mass by growth hormone and IGF-I. Br J Pharmacol. 2008;154(3):557-68. [PubMed ID: 18500379]. [PubMed Central ID: PMC2439518]. doi: 10.1038/bjp.2008.153.##[9]Cota D, Proulx K, Smith KA, Kozma SC, Thomas G, Woods SC, et al.Hypothalamic mTOR signaling regulates food intake. Science. 2006;312(5775):927-30. 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