Kowsar Int J Cancer Manag 2538-497X 12 1 2019 1 19 10.5812/ijcm.85456 Seyedeh Afrooz Azimi Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Hamid Reza Sadegh Nia Division of Neurocognitive Sciences, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Alireza Mosavi Jarrahi Department Social Medicine, the Cancer Institute Research Center, Medical School Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hamid Reza Jamaati Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mehdi Kazempour Dizaji Biostatistics Department, Mycobacteriology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and lung Diseases , Masih Daneshvari Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hossein Dargahi Department of Management Sciences and Health Economic, Health Information Management Research Center, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Naghmeh Bahrami Craniomaxillofacial Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Alireza Pasdar Department of Modern Sciences and Technology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran, Division of Applied Medicine, Medical School, University of Aberdeen, Forester Hill, Aberdeen, United Kingdom Adnan Khosravi Tobacco Prevention and Control Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Naeim Bahrami University of California San Diego, Department of Radiology, San Diego, Unites States Shadi Daghighi University of California San Diego, Department of Radiology, San Diego, Unites States Abdolreza Mohamadnia Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Email: Research Article 2019 1 9 2018 10 16 2019 1 19 2019 01 31 Background : Lung cancer is the leading cause of death, related to cancer in both men and women. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play key roles in regulating the genes that are responsible for apoptosis, and regulation of gene expression. MicroRNA expression is deregulated in cancer. Many efforts have been made to detect cancer biomarkers. Extracellular miRNAs, which are directly released from tumors, can be detected in circulating blood. Objectives : The aim of this study was to examine the expression of miRNA-205 and -21 in lung cancer patients relative to healthy controls. Methods : This cross sectional study was performed in 50 healthy blood sample controls and 50 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) blood samples. The expression of two miRNAs (miR-21 and miR-205) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was evaluated, using real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) techniques. Statistical tests were carried out via the Mann-Whitney test. Results : The miR-205 levels of expression in the patients with lung cancer significantly increased in comparison to healthy controls (6.8 ± 0.42 and 1.2 ± 0.19, respectively), (P = 0.014). The expression of miR-21 in lung cancer (5.2 ± 0.52) significantly increased compared to the control group (1.6 ± 0.14) (P < 0.001). Conclusions : Based on our findings, lung cancer can enhance the ectopic expression of several miRNAs, which, in turn, play key roles in impaired apoptosis and further cancerous progression. http://intjcancermanag.com/en/articles/85456.html https://neoscriber.org/cdn/dl/f68fd7d2-26e0-11e9-ab2c-c3237441f326