Kowsar Int J Endocrinol Metab 1726-9148 17 1 2019 1 27 10.5812/ijem.84427 Luca Nicosia Department of Radiation Oncology, Sant’Andrea Hospital, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Via dDi Grottarossa 1035-39, Rome, Italy, Radiation Oncology Department, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Cancer Care Center, Via Don Sempreboni 5, 37034, Verona, Negrar, Italy, Radiation Oncology Department, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Cancer Care Center, Via Don Sempreboni 5, 37034, Verona, Negrar, Italy. Email: Chiara Reverberi Department of Radiation Oncology, Sant’ Andrea Hospital, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Via Di Grottarossa 1035-39, Rome, Italy Linda Agolli Department of Radiation Oncology, Sant ’Andrea Hospital, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Via Di Grottarossa 1035-39, Rome, Italy Luca Marinelli Department of Radiation Oncology, Sant’ Andrea Hospital, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Via Di Grottarossa 1035-39, Rome, Italy Vitaliana De Sanctis Department of Radiation Oncology, Sant’ Andrea Hospital, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Via Di Grottarossa 1035-39, Rome, Italy Giuseppe Minniti Radiation Oncology Unit, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, San Pietro Hospital, Rome, Italy, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy Maurizio Valeriani Department of Radiation Oncology, Sant’ Andrea Hospital, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Via Di Grottarossa 1035-39, Rome, Italy Mattia F Osti Department of Radiation Oncology, Sant’ Andrea Hospital, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Via Di Grottarossa 1035-39, Rome, Italy Research Article 2019 1 21 2018 9 20 2019 1 27 2019 01 31 Background : Orbital radiotherapy (RT) is an effective and consolidate treatment for steroid-refractory Graves’ ophthalmopathy (GO); however, long term effects are not well known. Objectives : The aim of this study was to evaluate the long term efficacy and toxicity of orbital RT plus concomitant systemic steroids in a population of patients with moderate-to-severe GO or with eyesight threatening symptoms refractory to steroids. Methods : Forty patients with moderate-to-severe GO or with eyesight threatening symptoms not responsive/resistant to steroids were treated with orbital RT at the dose of 20 Gy in 10 fractions plus concomitant steroids. Clinical activity score (CAS) and symptoms status were evaluated to determine response to the treatment. Results : We reported overall improvement of symptoms, in particular, a regression at 1-year of diplopia in 32.5% eye movement impairment in 42.5%, eyesight in 27.5% and a 2 point reduction in CAS. After a median time of 56 months 21.9% of the patients underwent orbital decompression for relapse of GO, 4.8% received surgical correction of strabismus, and 2.4% received eyelid lipectomy. Acute toxicity was mild; grade 1 - 2 keratitis occurred in 19.5% of the patients and grade 3 keratitis was observed in 2.4% of the patients. Cataract occurred in 7.4% of the patients after a median time of 24-month-follow-up. No secondary malignancies were reported. Conclusions : Our results reported the long-term efficacy and the good tolerance of orbital RT. The combination of RT plus steroids in this setting may avoid or delay performing the surgery in some cases. http://endometabol.com/en/articles/84427.html https://neoscriber.org/cdn/dl/1e39a68a-222e-11e9-86e6-1f10b8963e6b