1 Digital Health for Pandemic Preparedness: A Critical Review of Innovations, Equity Gaps, and Governance in Infectious Disease Surveillance https://brieflands.com/journals/iji/articles/169286 10.5812/iji-169286 1 Context :Recent infectious disease emergencies, including SARS-CoV-2, mpox (2022 - 2024), highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) in US dairy cattle (2024 - 2025), and the Marburg virus in Rwanda (2024), have strained traditional surveillance systems. Digital health has been proposed as a paradigm shift; however, most reviews have focused on diagnostic accuracy while neglecting equity and governance. Evidence Acquisition :We conducted a structured thematic narrative review of peer-reviewed and grey literature published from January 2010 to March 2025, reported in accordance with PRISMA 2020 and PRISMA-ScR. PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched from February 5 to 18, 2025. Search keywords combined three concept blocks: (1) Digital-health technologies (artificial intelligence, machine learning, mHealth, eHealth, telemedicine, electronic health records, wearables, wastewater surveillance, genomic surveillance, natural-language processing); (2) infectious diseases (outbreak, pandemic, epidemic, COVID-19, Ebola, Zika, mpox, influenza, antimicrobial resistance, Marburg); and (3) public-health functions (surveillance, detection, forecasting, contact tracing, governance, equity). Full Boolean syntax is provided. Records were deduplicated in EndNote X20 and screened by 2 blinded reviewers in Rayyan (Cohen κ = 0.81). Empirical studies were appraised using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool 2018, and reviews were appraised using Joanna Briggs Institute checklists. The synthesis followed Braun and Clarke's reflexive thematic analysis and was interpreted through sociotechnical systems and data justice lenses. Results :Of 1498 records, 142 studies met the inclusion criteria; 48% (69/142) were rated as high quality. The evidence base was heavily skewed regionally (high-income countries [HICs], 41%; sub-Saharan Africa or South Asia, 19%). No technology was universally superior. Artificial intelligence (AI) studies were concentrated in HICs (18/32, 56%), whereas short-message-service (SMS) mHealth studies were concentrated in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs; 15/25, 60%). Recurring barriers included algorithmic bias, fragmented interoperability, donor-dependent sustainability, and slow benefit-sharing of pathogen data with LMICs. Conclusions :Across 142 included studies the synthesis supports a measured conclusion: Digital health is necessary but not sufficient for pandemic preparedness. The patterns most consistently observed in the evidence — regional skew, recurring governance failures, donor-dependent sustainability, and design choices that determine equity outcomes — together indicate that equity, sustainability, and accountability are constituents of effectiveness rather than obstacles to it. The binding constraint is increasingly political and institutional will rather than analytic uncertainty. 1 10 Abdolreza Babamahmoodi Department of Infectious Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Iran rmmsabm@gmail.com Farhang Babamahmoodi Department of Infectious Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Iran farhang.baba@yahoo.com Majid Marjani National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Iran marjani216@hotmail.com No Keyword 1.pdf [0]Murray CJL, Aravkin AY, Zheng P, Abbafati C, Abbas KM, Abbasi-Kangevari M, et al.Global burden of 87 risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990 - 2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet. 2020;396(10258):1223-49. [PubMed ID: 33069327]. 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1 Prevalence and Associated Factors of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> in Dyspeptic Patients at a Shiraz Outpatient Clinic (2022 - 2023) https://brieflands.com/journals/iji/articles/171982 10.5812/iji-171982 1 Background :Helicobacter pylori infection is a major underlying cause of dyspepsia; however, its regional prevalence and associations with symptoms remain underexplored in southern Iran. Objectives :This study evaluated the prevalence of H. pylori infection and associated factors among patients with dyspepsia using the urea breath test (UBT). Methods :In this cross-sectional study, 145 adults with dyspepsia underwent the carbon-13 urea breath test (13C-UBT) at Motahari Clinic in Shiraz, Iran, during 2022 - 2023. Data on demographic characteristics, symptoms, medication use, and medical history were collected. Results :The overall prevalence of H. pylori infection was 47.6% (95% CI, 39% - 55%). Nausea was independently associated with infection (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.174; 95% CI, 1.050 - 4.500; P = 0.037), whereas diarrhea approached statistical significance (aOR = 3.154; 95% CI, 0.902 - 11.028; P = 0.072). Occupation was also a significant predictor of infection, with employed participants having 5.979-fold higher odds of positivity (95% CI, 1.267 - 28.22; P = 0.024) than those in the reference occupational category. Conclusions :Nausea and occupational status were independently associated with H. pylori infection. These findings may help identify patients with dyspepsia who could benefit from targeted H. pylori testing; however, larger studies are needed to validate these associations. 1 10 Owrang Eilami Department of Family Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran HIV/AIDS Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Iran Iran owrangeilami@yahoo.com Neda Pouralimohamadi Department of Family Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Iran nedapmne@yahoo.com Golnaz Yazdanpanah Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Iran golnazyazdanpanah@gmail.com Kimiya Kolaei Department of Family Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Iran kimi_7713@yahoo.com Alireza Heiran Health System Research (HSR) Committee, Vice Chancellor of Health Affairs, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran Iran heiran.alireza@gmail.com Mehrab Sayadi Cardiovascular Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Iran sayadi_me@yahoo.com No Keyword 2.pdf [0]Oraijah AA, Shaqhan MH, Alhebshi FA, Alsuwat RW, Algethami AH, Alsofyani AH, et al.Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection among patients with dyspepsia and other gastrointestinal diseases in King Abdulaziz Specialized Hospital in Taif. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care. 2022;11(10):6493-8. [PubMed ID: 36618210]. [PubMed Central ID: PMC9810908]. doi: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1351_22.##[1]Niknam R, Seddigh M, Fattahi MR, Dehghanian A, Mahmoudi L.Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in patients with dyspepsia. Jundishapur journal of microbiology. 2014;7(10). e12676. [PubMed ID: 25632327]. [PubMed Central ID: PMC4295317]. doi: 10.5812/jjm.12676.##[2]Jamshidbeigi T, Adibi A, Mohammadi F, Bonyadi M, Shafiei E.Quality of life and personality traits in dyspepsia patients and healthy individuals: A case-control study. Zahedan Journal of Research in Medical Sciences. 2023;25(4). doi: 10.5812/zjrms-123230.##[3]Abraham NS, Moayyedi P, Daniels B, Veldhuyzen Van Zanten SJO.The methodological quality of trials affects estimates of treatment efficacy in functional (non ulcer) dyspepsia. Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics. 2004;19(6):631-41. [PubMed ID: 15023165]. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2004.01878.x.##[4]Guo H, Zhong S, Wang X, Chen J.Prevalence and association of functional dyspepsia in the elderly patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Aging Male. 2025;28(1). 2511801. [PubMed ID: 40488355]. doi: 10.1080/13685538.2025.2511801.##[5]Heydari K, Yousefi M, Alizadeh-Navaei R, Lotfi P, Sheydaee F, Raei M, et al.Helicobacter pylori infection and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Turkish Journal of Gastroenterology. 2022;33(3):171-181. [PubMed ID: 35410853]. [PubMed Central ID: PMC9128487]. doi: 10.5152/tjg.2022.21467.##[6]Bakhshipour A, Mohsenpour Mohammadi N, Hashemi SM, Momeni MK.Comparison of Clarithromycin-based Triple Therapy and Furazolidone-based Quadruple Therapy in Eradicating Helicobacter pylori Infection. International Journal of Infection. 2021;8(8). doi: 10.5812/iji.98954.##[7]Karimi Afshar N, Abbasi Montazeri E, Savari M, Alavinejad P, Yadegar A, Gharbavi M.Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with upper gastrointestinal disorders using different methods in Khuzestan, Southwest Iran. Molecular Biology Reports. 2025;52(1). 813. [PubMed ID: 40788504]. doi: 10.1007/s11033-025-10905-5.##[8]Moradi F, Mohammadi S, Kakian F, Hadi N.Investigating the prevalence and clinical significance of Helicobacter pylori in hospital-ized patients undergoing endoscopy in namazi hospital, Shiraz. Iranian South Medical Journal. 2023;26(2):102-13. doi: 10.61186/ismj.26.2.102.##[9]Ibrahim ME.Epidemiology, pathogenicity, risk factors, and management of Helicobacter pylori infection in Saudi Arabia. Biomolecules and Biomedicine. 2024;24(3):440-453. [PubMed ID: 37787623]. [PubMed Central ID: PMC11088898]. doi: 10.17305/bb.2023.9575.##[10]AlShomar AA.Evaluation of hematological parameters in dyspepsia patients infected with Helicobacter pylori: a retrospective study from the Central Region of Saudi Arabia. Saudi Medical Journal. 2022;43(1):75-80. [PubMed ID: 35022287]. [PubMed Central ID: PMC9280559]. doi: 10.15537/smj.2022.43.1.20210733.##[11]Bennakhi HA, Al-Muhanna A, Shehab MA, Al-Ali J.Seroprevalence and risk factors of Helicobacter pylori infection among public sector employees in Kuwait. BMC Research Notes. 2025;19(1). 21. [PubMed ID: 41382206]. [PubMed Central ID: PMC12801954]. doi: 10.1186/s13104-025-07598-1.##[12]Taha MS, Moad AIH, Alwesabi SAM, Abdulrahman EEH, Hamed AAA, Shuib SM, et al.Prevalence of Helicobacter Pylori Infection Among Females in Hodeidah City, Yemen. 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