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1 Climate Change and Personality Disorders: Psychosocial Challenges and Support Solutions https://brieflands.com/journals/ijpbs/articles/165669 10.5812/ijpbs-165669 1 Background :Climate change represents one of the most significant challenges of our time, acting as a chronic stressor with profound implications for human mental health. Its impact on personality disorders remains underexplored. Objectives :This brief report aims to explore the relationship between climate change and the development or exacerbation of personality disorders. Methods :This brief report conceptually examines existing evidence and theoretical perspectives on chronic climate-induced stressors, including forced migration, resource scarcity, and exposure to extreme weather events. Results :Chronic climate-related stressors may disrupt the psychosocial foundations of identity and relational stability. These disruptions can impede healthy personality development in vulnerable individuals or intensify pre-existing maladaptive traits, particularly those associated with borderline, antisocial, and avoidant personality disorders. Conclusions :There is a critical need for tailored psychosocial support mechanisms to address these challenges. Integrating trauma-informed, culturally sensitive, and long-term psychosocial strategies into climate adaptation policies may be essential for enhancing resilience and reducing the mental health burden among affected populations. 1 5 Shandiz Moslehi Department of Health in Disasters and Emergencies, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Health Management and Economics Research Center, Health Management Research Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Iran Iran shandizmoslehi@gmail.com Sajjad Narimani Department of Health in Disasters and Emergencies, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Social Determinant of Health Research Center, School of Nursing , Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran Iran Iran sn.narimani@gmail.com No Keyword 1.pdf [0]Bangash A.Personality disorders in later life: an update. BJPsych Advances. 2024;31(3):173-85. doi: 10.1192/bja.2024.41.##[1]Doppelt B.Preventing and Healing Climate Traumas: A Guide to Building Resilience and Hope in Communities. Abingdon, England: Taylor & Francis; 2023.##[2]Lawrance EL, Thompson R, Newberry Le Vay J, Page L, Jennings N.The Impact of Climate Change on Mental Health and Emotional Wellbeing: A Narrative Review of Current Evidence, and its Implications. Int Rev Psychiatry. 2022;34(5):443-98. [PubMed ID: 36165756]. doi: 10.1080/09540261.2022.2128725.##[3]Mittal S, Chandel A, Le TM; Berfin Göksoy.Social and Economic Impacts of Climate-Induced Migration and Displacement. In: Dilek Alma S, editor. Effects of Climate Change on Social and Economic Factors. Hershey, PA: IGI Global; 2024. p. 49-82. doi: 10.4018/979-8-3693-5792-7.ch003.##[4]Ogunbode CA, Doran R, Hanss D, Ojala M, Salmela-Aro K, van den Broek KL, et al.Climate anxiety, wellbeing and pro-environmental action: correlates of negative emotional responses to climate change in 32 countries. J Environ Psychol. 2022;84. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvp.2022.101887.##[5]Kurebwa J, Kurebwa NY, Supu V.Climate Change and Mental Health. In: Kurebwa J, Makwerere D, editors. Managing the Health Risks of Climate Change. Hershey, PA: IGI Global; 2024. p. 155-78. doi: 10.4018/979-8-3693-4183-4.ch007.##[6]Opoku-Boateng E, Agyei F, Asibey MO, Mintah F.Climate change resilience and social capital: Insights from informal urban neighbourhoods in Kumasi, Ghana. Cities. 2024;152. doi: 10.1016/j.cities.2024.105234.##[7]Zhang W, Eloundou-Enyegue PM, Tong Y, Gao J, Zhou M, Zhou Y, et al. Factors Influencing the Formation of Antisocial Personality Disorder and Intervention Measures. International Conference on Education, Psychology and Cultural Communication. 2023.##[8]Schuster RC, Wachter K, Hussain F, Gartin ML.Gendered effects of climate change and health inequities among forcibly displaced populations: Displaced Rohingya women foster resilience through technology. J Clim Chang Health. 2024;18:100303. [PubMed ID: 41646521]. [PubMed Central ID: PMC12851278]. doi: 10.1016/j.joclim.2024.100303.##[9]Joy J, Ramachandran M, George S.Learned Helplessness, Psychological Wellbeing, and Proenvironment Care Behavior among Victims of Frequent Floods in Kerala. J Neurosci Rural Pract. 2021;12(1):137-44. [PubMed ID: 33531773]. [PubMed Central ID: PMC7846344]. doi: 10.1055/s-0040-1721566.##[10]Strange KF, Satorras M, March H.Intersectional climate action: the role of community-based organisations in urban climate justice. Local Environment. 2024;29(7):865-85. doi: 10.1080/13549839.2024.2315992.##[11]Dushkova D, Ivlieva O.Empowering Communities to Act for a Change: A Review of the Community Empowerment Programs towards Sustainability and Resilience. Sustainability. 2024;16(19). doi: 10.3390/su16198700.##

1 Alexithymia in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Association with Perfectionism and Defense Styles in a Cross-Sectional Study https://brieflands.com/journals/ijpbs/articles/160220 10.5812/ijpbs-160220 1 Background :Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common gastrointestinal disorder that substantially impairs patients’ quality of life. Psychological factors may influence the severity of IBS symptoms and treatment outcomes. Alexithymia is a transdiagnostic factor associated with various psychopathologies and is linked to poorer psychotherapy outcomes and a weaker therapeutic alliance. Perfectionism and maladaptive defense styles may contribute to alexithymia, but their role in IBS remains underexplored. Objectives :This study aimed to examine the associations among perfectionism, defense styles, and alexithymia in patients with IBS. Methods :This cross-sectional analytical study included patients with IBS referred to Razi Hospital in Rasht, Iran, in 2023. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 244 participants were enrolled. Data were collected using Frost's Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, the Defense Style Questionnaire, and the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale. Correlation and regression analyses were performed to assess the relationships among these variables. Results :Ordinal logistic regression showed that higher levels of perfectionism (OR = 1.021; P = 0.011; 95% CI, 1.005 - 1.037) and an immature defense style (OR = 1.037; P < 0.001; 95% CI, 1.022 - 1.053) significantly predicted higher odds of alexithymia. Compared with office-based employees, self-employed individuals (OR = 0.362; P = 0.008; 95% CI, 0.172 - 0.763) and unemployed participants, including students and housewives (OR = 0.426; P = 0.020; 95% CI, 0.208 - 0.872), had significantly lower odds of alexithymia. Conclusions :These findings indicate significant associations among perfectionism, maladaptive defense styles, and alexithymia in patients with IBS. Although these associations suggest that psychological factors may contribute to the clinical profile of IBS, the cross-sectional design precludes causal inference. Nevertheless, these findings may inform future research on psychiatric interventions targeting perfectionism and defense mechanisms as potential pathways for reducing alexithymia. 1 8 Ali Pourramzani Kavosh Behavioral, Cognitive and Addiction Research Center, Shafa Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran Iran dr_pourramzani@yahoo.com Kourosh Mojtahedi Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran Iran k.moj2013@yahoo.com Adele Isanazar Kavosh Cognitive Behavior Sciences and Addiction Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran Iran adele.isanazar@yahoo.com Reza Jahanian Cognitive and Addiction Research Center, Shafa Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran Iran r_jahanian@yahoo.com No Keyword 2.pdf [0]Hungin APS, Chang L, Locke GR, Dennis EH, Barghout V.Irritable bowel syndrome in the United States: prevalence, symptom patterns and impact. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2005;21(11):1365-1375. [PubMed ID: 15932367]. [PubMed Central ID: PMC1366056]. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2005.02463.x.##[1]Savas LS, White DL, Wieman M, Daci K, Fitzgerald S, Laday Smith S, et al.Irritable bowel syndrome and dyspepsia among women veterans: prevalence and association with psychological distress. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2009;29(1):115-125. [PubMed ID: 18785989]. [PubMed Central ID: PMC2939246]. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2008.03847.x.##[2]Black CJ, Ford AC.Best management of irritable bowel syndrome. Frontline Gastroenterol. 2021;12(4):303-315. [PubMed ID: 34249316]. [PubMed Central ID: PMC8231425]. doi: 10.1136/flgastro-2019-101298.##[3]Farahi S, Naziri G, Davodi A, Fath N.The mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies in the relationship between early maladaptive schemas, alexithymia, and emotional intelligence with somatic symptoms in people with somatic symptoms disorder. J Pract Clin Psychol. 2023;11(3):187-200. doi: 10.32598/jpcp.11.3.887.1.##[4]Vicario M, Alonso C, Guilarte M, Serra J, Martínez C, González-Castro AM, et al.Chronic psychosocial stress induces reversible mitochondrial damage and corticotropin-releasing factor receptor type-1 upregulation in the rat intestine and IBS-like gut dysfunction. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2012;37(1):65-77. [PubMed ID: 21641728]. doi: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2011.05.005.##[5]Quilty LC, Taylor GJ, McBride C, Bagby RM.Relationships among alexithymia, therapeutic alliance, and psychotherapy outcome in major depressive disorder. Psychiatry Res. 2017;254:75-79. [PubMed ID: 28456025]. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.04.047.##[6]Movahedi N, Hosseinian S, Rezaeian H, Nooripour R.Mediating role of alexithymia in relationship between cyberbullying and psychotic experiences in adolescents. BMC Psychol. 2024;12(1). 465. [PubMed ID: 39217387]. [PubMed Central ID: PMC11366138]. doi: 10.1186/s40359-024-01960-x.##[7]Nikmanesh Z, Darvish Molla M, Mehranfard M.The mediating role of alexithymia in the relationship between defense mechanisms and tendency to high-risk behaviors among adolescents. J Health Res. 2021;11(1):29-36. doi: 10.32598/JRH.11.1.363.6.##[8]Marsero S, Ruggiero GM, Scarone S, Bertelli S, Sassaroli S.The relationship between alexithymia and maladaptive perfectionism in eating disorders: a mediation moderation analysis methodology. Eat Weight Disord. 2011;16(3):182-187. [PubMed ID: 22290034]. doi: 10.1007/BF03325130.##[9]Constantinides P, Beck SM.Toward developing a scale to empirically measure psychotic defense mechanisms. J Am Psychoanal Assoc. 2010;58(6):1159-1188. [PubMed ID: 21364183]. doi: 10.1177/0003065110396875.##[10]Frost RO, Marten P, Lahart C, Rosenblate R.The dimension of perfectionism. Cogn Ther Res. 1990;14(5):449-468. doi: 10.1007/BF01172967.##[11]Lenzo V, Barberis N, Cannavò M, Filastro A, Verrastro V, Quattropani MC.Perfectionism as a transdiagnostic process: a clinical review. Clin Psychol Rev. 2011;31(2):203-212. [PubMed ID: 32051622]. doi: 10.1708/3301.32715.##[12]Claus N, Limburg K, Egan S, Shafran R, Ehring T, Takano K, et al.The transdiagnostic role of perfectionism: insights from longitudinal network analyses in a sample of college-age women. Behav Ther. 2026;57(3):589-607. [PubMed ID: 42097796]. doi: 10.1016/j.beth.2025.11.002.##[13]Andrews G, Singh M, Bond M.The Defense Style Questionnaire. J Nerv Ment Dis. 1993;181(4):246-256. [PubMed ID: 8473876]. doi: 10.1097/00005053-199304000-00006.##[14]Preece DA, Becerra R, Allan A, Robinson K, Chen W, Hasking P, et al.Assessing alexithymia: psychometric properties of the Perth Alexithymia Questionnaire and 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale in United States adults. Pers Individ Dif. 2020;166. 110138. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.110138.##[15]Besharat MA.Reliability and factorial validity of a Farsi version of the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale with a sample of Iranian students. Iran J Med Sci. 2007;101(1):209-220. [PubMed ID: 17958129]. doi: 10.2466/pr0.101.1.209-220.##[16]Purdon C, Antony MM, Swinson RP.Psychometric properties of the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale in a clinical anxiety disorders sample. J Clin Psychol. 1999;55(10):1271-1286. [PubMed ID: 11045776]. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4679(199910)55:10<1271::AID-JCLP8>3.0.CO.##[17]Akhavan Abiri F, Shairi MR, Gholami Fesharaki M.The investigation of psychometric properties of Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale. Shenakht J Psychol Psychiatry. 2019;6(1):87-106. doi: 10.29252/shenakht.6.1.87.##[18]Kano M, Endo Y, Fukudo S.Association between alexithymia and functional gastrointestinal disorders. Front Psychol. 2018;9. 599. [PubMed ID: 29922191]. 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1 Does Orthognathic Surgery Improve Mental Health Status: Depression, Anxiety, Distress, Perfectionism, and Quality of Life? A Prospective Cohort Study https://brieflands.com/journals/ijpbs/articles/149154 10.5812/ijpbs-149154 1 Background :The demand for cosmetic procedures, including orthognathic surgery, is increasing in Iran. Mental health and personality traits, such as perfectionism, influence quality of life and life satisfaction in individuals seeking such surgeries. Objectives :This prospective cohort study evaluated changes in mental health, perfectionism, and quality of life in patients before and six months after orthognathic surgery. Methods :This longitudinal cohort study was conducted at Saadi and Al-Zahra Hospitals between May 2020 and September 2020. Thirty-five candidates for orthognathic surgery were recruited, based on available eligible patients and prior studies estimating the necessary sample size for detecting significant changes in quality of life outcomes. Inclusion criteria were age 18 - 50 years, at least basic literacy, and provision of informed consent. Exclusion criteria included cleft lip/palate, severe congenital abnormalities requiring surgery, major traumatic injuries, and significant psychiatric or neurological disorders. Participants were assessed preoperatively and at six months postoperatively, with data collected at both time points using validated questionnaires [Orthognathic Quality of Life Questionnaire (OQLQ), Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (FMPS), Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21)]. Participant characteristics such as age and gender were reported, and potential confounders including age, gender, baseline quality of life, and baseline psychological status were controlled using multivariate linear regression. To minimize potential bias, strict inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied. Changes over time were analysed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), highlighting improvements in quality of life domains across the follow-up period. Results :Significant improvements were observed in oral health–related quality of life over six months, particularly in aesthetic (P = 0.001, d = 1.2), functional (P = 0.008, d = 0.7), and awareness domains (P = 0.003, d = 0.9). No significant change was observed in interpersonal relationship scores (P = 0.89). Conclusions :Orthognathic surgery significantly enhances quality of life. However, the relatively small sample size, limited follow-up period, and specific study population may limit the generalisability of the results, and additional psychological interventions may be necessary to improve mental health outcomes. 1 12 Mehdi Ebrahimi Department of Orthodontics, Dental Students’ Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Iran ebra.mahdi59@gmail.com Amrollah Ebrahimi Department of Health Psychology, Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan, Iran Iran ebrahimi.amrollah.dr@gmail.com Abbas Haghighat Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Implants Research Center, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Iran haghighat@dnt.mui.ac.ir No Keyword 3.pdf [0]Gandedkar NH, Chng CK, Tan W.Surgery-first orthognathic approach case series: Salient features and guidelines. J Orthod Sci. 2016;5(1):35-42. [PubMed ID: 26998476]. [PubMed Central ID: PMC4778176]. doi: 10.4103/2278-0203.176657.##[1]Mahmood HT, Ahmed M, Fida M, Kamal AT, Fatima F.Concepts, protocol, variations and current trends in surgery first orthognathic approach: a literature review. Dental Press J Orthod. 2018;23(3):36 e1-6. [PubMed ID: 30088563]. [PubMed Central ID: PMC6072446]. doi: 10.1590/2177-6709.23.3.36.e1-6.onl.##[2]Soh CL, Narayanan V.Quality of life assessment in patients with dentofacial deformity undergoing orthognathic surgery--a systematic review. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2013;42(8):974-80. [PubMed ID: 23702370]. doi: 10.1016/j.ijom.2013.03.023.##[3]Alanko O, Tuomisto MT, Peltomaki T, Tolvanen M, Soukka T, Svedstrom-Oristo AL.A longitudinal study of changes in psychosocial well-being during orthognathic treatment. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2017;46(11):1380-6. [PubMed ID: 28579266]. doi: 10.1016/j.ijom.2017.05.004.##[4]Corso PF, Oliveira FA, Costa DJ, Kluppel LE, Rebellato NL, Scariot R.Evaluation of the impact of orthognathic surgery on quality of life. Braz Oral Res. 2016;30. [PubMed ID: 26676200]. doi: 10.1590/1807-3107BOR-2016.vol30.0004.##[5]Pelo S, Gasparini G, Garagiola U, Cordaro M, Di Nardo F, Staderini E, et al.Surgery-first orthognathic approach vs traditional orthognathic approach: Oral health-related quality of life assessed with 2 questionnaires. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2017;152(2):250-4. [PubMed ID: 28760287]. doi: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2016.12.022.##[6]Zamboni R, de Moura FRR, Brew MC, Rivaldo EG, Braz MA, Grossmann E, et al.Impacts of Orthognathic Surgery on Patient Satisfaction, Overall Quality of Life, and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life: A Systematic Literature Review. Int J Dent. 2019;2019:2864216. [PubMed ID: 31316563]. [PubMed Central ID: PMC6604419]. doi: 10.1155/2019/2864216.##[7]Eslamipour F, Najimi A, Tadayonfard A, Azamian Z.Impact of Orthognathic Surgery on Quality of Life in Patients with Dentofacial Deformities. Int J Dent. 2017;2017:4103905. [PubMed ID: 29090006]. [PubMed Central ID: PMC5635278]. doi: 10.1155/2017/4103905.##[8]Chou PY, Denadai R, Chen C, Pai BC, Hsu KH, Chang CT, et al.Comparison of Orthognathic Surgery Outcomes Between Patients With and Without Underlying High-Risk Conditions: A Multidisciplinary Team-Based Approach and Practical Guidelines. J Clin Med. 2019;8(11). [PubMed ID: 31652792]. [PubMed Central ID: PMC6912447]. doi: 10.3390/jcm8111760.##[9]Al-Bitar ZB, Al-Ahmad HT.Anxiety and post-traumatic stress symptoms in orthognathic surgery patients. Eur J Orthod. 2017;39(1):92-7. [PubMed ID: 27076465]. doi: 10.1093/ejo/cjw029.##[10]Hunt OT, Johnston CD, Hepper PG, Burden DJ.The psychosocial impact of orthognathic surgery: a systematic review. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2001;120(5):490-7. [PubMed ID: 11709666]. doi: 10.1067/mod.2001.118402.##[11]Liddle MJ, Baker SR, Smith KG, Thompson AR.Psychosocial Outcomes in Orthognathic Surgery: A Review of the Literature. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2015;52(4):458-70. [PubMed ID: 25191866]. doi: 10.1597/14-021.##[12]Bellucci CC, Kapp-Simon KA.Psychological considerations in orthognathic surgery. Clin Plast Surg. 2007;34(3):e11-6. [PubMed ID: 17692691]. doi: 10.1016/j.cps.2007.04.004.##[13]Posnick JC.Orthognathic Surgery E-Book: Orthognathic Surgery E-Book. Edinburgh, London: Elsevier Health Sciences; 2022.##[14]Cariati P, Martinez R, Martinez-Lara I.Psycho-social impact of orthogathic sugery. J Clin Exp Dent. 2016;8(5):e540-5. [PubMed ID: 27957267]. [PubMed Central ID: PMC5149088]. doi: 10.4317/jced.53007.##[15]Rodgers RF, Laveway K, Campos P, de Carvalho PHB.Body image as a global mental health concern. Glob Ment Health (Camb). 2023;10. e9. [PubMed ID: 36861019]. [PubMed Central ID: PMC9970735]. doi: 10.1017/gmh.2023.2.##[16]Sen E, Duran H, Sari M, Akbulut N, Demir O.Orthognathic surgery improves quality of life: a survey clinical study. BMC Oral Health. 2024;24(1):844. [PubMed ID: 39054469]. [PubMed Central ID: PMC11270847]. doi: 10.1186/s12903-024-04638-3.##[17]Oluwajana F.Seeking beauty: understanding the psychology behind orthognathic surgery. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2015;53(10):953-6. [PubMed ID: 26212418]. doi: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2015.07.004.##[18]Shahyad S, Rahmani E, Nikdanesh M, Ashoori A, Azadi S, Hassanvandi S.Effectiveness of neurofeedback on psychological stress, salivary cortisol and α-amylase level in students: a randomized and parallel-group clinical trial. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci. 2024;18(1). doi: 10.5812/ijpbs-140330.##[19]Ahmadvand A, Alavi S, Mehraban SH.An overview of surgery-first orthognathic approach: History, indications and limitations, protocols, and dentoskeletal stability. Dent Res J (Isfahan). 2021;18:47. [PubMed ID: 34429867]. [PubMed Central ID: PMC8351934].##[20]Bahmanyar S, Namin AW, Weiss R2, Vincent AG, Read-Fuller AM, Reddy LV.Orthognathic Surgery of the Mandible. Facial Plast Surg. 2021;37(6):716-21. [PubMed ID: 34587642]. doi: 10.1055/s-0041-1735309.##[21]Kok XLF, Gwilliam J, Sayers M, Jones EM, Cunningham SJ.A Cross-Sectional Study of Factors Influencing Pre-Operative Anxiety in Orthognathic Patients. J Clin Med. 2023;12(16). [PubMed ID: 37629347]. [PubMed Central ID: PMC10455953]. doi: 10.3390/jcm12165305.##[22]Mahdipour Z, Kianimoghadam AS, Hasani M, Masjedi Arani A.Prediction of Quality of Life Based on Anger, Depression, Anxiety, Spousal Intimacy, and Sexual Satisfaction in Iranian Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery. Int Cardiovascular Res J. 2025;19(1). doi: 10.5812/icrj-160976.##[23]Alibakhshi H, Davoudi Z, Damirchi N, Kavian M, Siminghalam M.The Impact of Group Psychoeducation for Mothers of Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Randomized Controlled Trial. 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J Develope Psychol Iran Psycholog. 2005;1(4).FA.##[28]Tuz HH, Ergezen E, Meral SE, Ekmekcioglu A, El H.Influence of Orthognathic Surgery on Oral Health and Quality of Life. J Craniofac Surg. 2022;33(2):548-51. [PubMed ID: 33867509]. doi: 10.1097/SCS.0000000000007691.##[29]Alkaabi S, Alsabri G, Alyammahi A, Aljamani S, Maningky M, Helder M.Psychological and quality of life outcomes following orthognathic surgery: A comprehensive systematic review. Advances in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 2025;18. doi: 10.1016/j.adoms.2025.100522.##[30]Cordeiro LDS, Fanderuff M, Olsson B, Gilliet J, Bergamaschi IP, da Costa DJ, et al.Factors associated with quality of life before and after orthognathic surgery. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2024;137(4):338-44. [PubMed ID: 38458845]. doi: 10.1016/j.oooo.2023.12.002.##[31]Schaefer G, Jacobs C, Sagheb K, Al-Nawas B, Rahimi-Nedjat RK.Changes in the quality of life in patients undergoing orthognathic therapy - A systematic review. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2024;52(1):71-6. [PubMed ID: 38129187]. doi: 10.1016/j.jcms.2023.10.004.##[32]Johansson E, Lund B, Bengtsson M, Magnusson M, Rasmusson L, Ahl M, et al.Quality of Life After Orthognathic Surgery in Swedish Patients: A Register-Based Cohort. Clin Exp Dent Res. 2024;10(4). e942. [PubMed ID: 39205465]. [PubMed Central ID: PMC11358388]. doi: 10.1002/cre2.942.##[33]Westhoff M, Heshmati S, Siepe B, Vogelbacher C, Ciarrochi J, Hayes SC, et al.Psychological flexibility and cognitive-affective processes in young adults' daily lives. Sci Rep. 2024;14(1):8182. [PubMed ID: 38589553]. [PubMed Central ID: PMC11001944]. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-58598-3.##[34]Kazeminia M, Salari N, Heydari M, Akbari H, Mohammadi M.The effect of cosmetic surgery on self-esteem and body image: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trial studies. Europ J Plastic Surgery. 2023;46(1):25-33. doi: 10.1007/s00238-022-01987-6.##[35]Yazici SDS, Findik Y, Yazici T.Evaluation of social appearance concerns and satisfaction after orthognathic surgery. J Stomatol Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2024;125(12 Suppl 2):101934. [PubMed ID: 38825238]. doi: 10.1016/j.jormas.2024.101934.##[36]Marchuk S.Theoretical Analysis Of The Psychological Structure Of Perfectionism. Vasily Stus Donetsk National Universi. 2023:14.##[37]Miguel JA, Palomares NB, Feu D.Life-quality of orthognathic surgery patients: the search for an integral diagnosis. Dental Press J Orthod. 2014;19(1):123-37. [PubMed ID: 24713569]. [PubMed Central ID: PMC4299425]. doi: 10.1590/2176-9451.19.1.123-137.sar.##[38]Tuk JG, Lindeboom JA, Tan ML, de Lange J.Impact of orthognathic surgery on quality of life in patients with different dentofacial deformities: longitudinal study of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) with at least 1 year of follow-up. Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2022;26(2):281-9. [PubMed ID: 34324107]. [PubMed Central ID: PMC9163111]. doi: 10.1007/s10006-021-00992-6.##[39]Duarte V, Zaror C, Villanueva J, Werlinger F, Vidal C, Sole P, et al.Changes in health-related quality of life after orthognathic surgery: a multicenter study. Clin Oral Investig. 2022;26(4):3467-76. [PubMed ID: 34854989]. [PubMed Central ID: PMC8637059]. doi: 10.1007/s00784-021-04315-7.##[40]Abdullah WA.Changes in quality of life after orthognathic surgery in Saudi patients. Saudi Dent J. 2015;27(3):161-4. [PubMed ID: 26236131]. [PubMed Central ID: PMC4501467]. doi: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2014.12.001.##[41]Rezaei F, Masalehi H, Golshah A, Imani MM.Oral health related quality of life of patients with class III skeletal malocclusion before and after orthognathic surgery. BMC Oral Health. 2019;19(1):289. [PubMed ID: 31864336]. [PubMed Central ID: PMC6925887]. doi: 10.1186/s12903-019-0989-9.##[42]Kim YK.Complications associated with orthognathic surgery. 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1 Evaluation of Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in Youth with Autism Spectrum Disorder https://brieflands.com/journals/ijpbs/articles/158044 10.5812/ijpbs-158044 1 Background :Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) frequently co-occurs with anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorders.Objectives :This study sought to quantify the prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in a population of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) aged 6 - 18 years. Methods :This cross-sectional study included children with ASD who were referred to the Psychiatry Department of Urmia Razi Hospital, affiliated with Urmia University of Medical Sciences, between March 2022 and October 2023. Demographic information about the children was collected using the Kiddie-Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for DSM-5-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL). Results :Of the 120 patients, 78.3% were male and 21.7% were female, with a mean age of 11.3 ± 3.91 years. Thirteen patients met the diagnostic criteria for OCD, including 10 males (10.6%) and 3 females (11.5%), with a mean age of 12.92 ± 3.66 years. Twenty-one patients were diagnosed with GAD, comprising 17 males (18.1%) and 4 females (15.4%), with a mean age of 12.29 ± 3.70 years. No significant association was reported between age and OCD prevalence (P = 0.113) or GAD (P = 0.194); moreover, between OCD or GAD among male and female patients (P = 0.896 and P = 0.748, respectively). Conclusions :The prevalence of OCD among youth with ASD was found to be 10.8% (95% CI: 5.3% - 16.4%), while the prevalence of GAD was 17.5% (95% CI: 10.7% - 24.3%). The age and gender distribution of patients with OCD and GAD in this study was relatively equal. Logistic regression analysis confirmed that age and sex were not significant predictors of OCD or GAD in this cohort. 1 9 Arezou Kiani Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran Iran arezoukiani@yahoo.com Fatemeh Ebrahimi Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran Iran ebrahimi.fatemeh@gmail.com No Keyword 4.pdf [0]Kent R, Simonoff E.Prevalence of Anxiety in Autism Spectrum Disorders. In: Kerns CM, Renno P, Storch EA, Kendall PC, Wood JJ, editors. Anxiety in Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Massachusetts, USA: Academic Press; 2017. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-805122-1.00002-8.##[1]Salari N, Rasoulpoor S, Rasoulpoor S, Shohaimi S, Jafarpour S, Abdoli N, et al.The global prevalence of autism spectrum disorder: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis. Ital J Pediatr. 2022;48(1):112. [PubMed ID: 35804408]. 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[PubMed Central ID: PMC5423728]. doi: 10.1097/DBP.0000000000000429.##[23]Loomes R, Hull L, Mandy WPL.What Is the Male-to-Female Ratio in Autism Spectrum Disorder? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2017;56(6):466-74. [PubMed ID: 28545751]. doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2017.03.013.##[24]Lockwood Estrin G, Milner V, Spain D, Happe F, Colvert E.Barriers to Autism Spectrum Disorder Diagnosis for Young Women and Girls: a Systematic Review. Rev J Autism Dev Disord. 2021;8(4):454-70. [PubMed ID: 34868805]. [PubMed Central ID: PMC8604819]. doi: 10.1007/s40489-020-00225-8.##[25]Hull L, Petrides KV, Mandy W.The Female Autism Phenotype and Camouflaging: a Narrative Review. Rev J Autism Development Disord. 2020;7(4):306-17. doi: 10.1007/s40489-020-00197-9.##[26]Volkmar F, Siegel M, Woodbury-Smith M, King B, McCracken J, State M, et al.Practice parameter for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder. 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1 Cross-sectional Study of Obsessive Beliefs, Perfectionism, Responsibility, and Metacognitive Beliefs on OCD Symptoms in an Iranian Population https://brieflands.com/journals/ijpbs/articles/158631 10.5812/ijpbs-158631 1 Background :Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a recognized mental health issue, defined in the DSM-5 as a condition characterized by intrusive, anxiety-inducing obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviors. Objectives :This study investigates the relationship between obsessive beliefs, perfectionism, and responsibility with OCD symptoms, with a focus on the mediating role of metacognitive beliefs in a non-clinical population in Karaj, Iran Methods :A priori power analysis using G*Power (α = 0.05, 1-β = 0.80, effect size = 0.20) determined a required sample of approximately 1,350 participants; final n = 1,321. This cross-sectional study examines the relationships among obsessive beliefs, perfectionism, responsibility, and OCD symptoms in individuals aged 18 to 35 residing in Karaj, Iran. The study employs five validated instruments: The Maudsley Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory (MOCI), the Obsessive Beliefs Questionnaire (OBQ-44), the Metacognitive Beliefs Questionnaire (MCQ-30), the Responsibility Questionnaire, and the Positive and Negative Perfectionism Scale (PNPS). Data were collected through cluster sampling across four districts of Karaj, Iran between January and July 2024. To address potential sources of bias, standardized data collection protocols were implemented, cluster-related bias was examined by ICC (0.004), missing data were handled via FIML, and statistical screening was applied for outliers. Self-report bias was minimized through anonymous administration and confidentiality assurances. Data analysis utilized SPSS v.25 and SEM via LISREL v.8.8, focusing on direct and indirect effects (significance level P < 0.05). Results :Participants were 1,321 young adults (50.6% female, 49.4% male; 50.9% under 25 years, 49.1% ≥ 25 years). The results indicate that obsessive beliefs significantly increase OCD symptoms (β = 0.13, t = 4.75, P < 0.001), while responsibility has a notable negative effect (β = -0.18, t = -6.35, P < 0.001). Metacognitive beliefs also positively impact OCD (β = 0.17, t = 6.22, P < 0.001). Positive perfectionism significantly decreases OCD symptoms (β = -0.18, t = -6.75, P < 0.001); negative perfectionism is non-significant (β = -0.03, t = -1.15, P > 0.05). In mediation analysis, obsessive beliefs (indirect effect = 0.0408), responsibility (indirect effect = -0.034), and positive perfectionism (indirect effect = -0.0289) significantly influence OCD through metacognitive beliefs; negative perfectionism remains non-significant (indirect effect = -0.0013). Conclusions :Findings highlight the importance of targeting metacognitive beliefs in interventions aimed at reducing OCD symptoms. Although bias-mitigation procedures were implemented, the cross-sectional design, reliance on self-report tools, and geographically restricted cluster sampling may limit causal inference and introduce sampling bias. Generalizability is therefore limited primarily to urban young adults in Karaj with similar sociocultural contexts, and extrapolation to clinical populations or other regions should be made cautiously. Future longitudinal, multi-city, and mixed-method studies are recommended to enhance causal inference and external validity. 1 10 Rashin Arefnia Department of Psychology, BA.C., Islamic Azad University, Bandar Abbas, Iran Iran davoodtaghvaei@outlook.com Kobra Haji Alizadeh Department of Psychology, BA.C., Islamic Azad University, Bandar Abbas, Iran Iran rm463222@gmail.com Seyed Hamzeh Seddigh Department of Psychiatry, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran Iran paransa1402@outlook.com No Keyword 5.pdf [0]Rachid F.Transcranial direct current stimulation for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder? A qualitative review of safety and efficacy. Psychiatry Res. 2019;271:259-64. [PubMed ID: 30508669]. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.11.033.##[1]Sanjari S, Chaman R, Salehin S, Goli S, Keramat A.Update on the Global Prevalence of Severe Fear of Childbirth in Low-Risk Pregnant Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. 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1 Identifying Anger Emotion Using BVP Sensor: Heart Rate Variability (HRV) https://brieflands.com/journals/ijpbs/articles/162423 10.5812/ijpbs-162423 1 Background :Accurate measurement tools are crucial for the early detection of emotional problems and dysregulation. Objectives :This study aimed to identify the emotion of anger using heart rate variability (HRV) as a biomarker. The diagnostic accuracy of five HRV-related subscales — HR, RR, HF, LF, and LF/HF — was evaluated among individuals with high and low anger. Methods :This descriptive (exploratory) quantitative study included adults aged 20 - 45 years living in Tehran. A total of 100 participants were initially recruited, but 24 were excluded due to insufficient or inaccurate HRV recordings, leaving a final sample of 76. Participants completed the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), and HRV data were collected via a blood volume pulse (BVP) sensor. Descriptive statistics and independent-sample t-tests were performed using SPSS, while receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and sensitivity analyses were conducted using MedCalc. Results :Significant differences were found between high- and low-anger groups in HR (P < 0.05) and RR (P < 0.001) scales, with higher mean scores in the high-anger group. Among the five HRV subscales, the RR scale had the highest discriminative accuracy (AUC = 0.71), performing significantly better than HR, HF, LF, and LF/HF. Conclusions :Heart rate variability, particularly the RR subscale, can serve as a reliable biological indicator for anger detection. These findings support the potential application of physiological markers in identifying emotional states. 1 10 Zahra Dehghanizadeh Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran Iran zdehghanizadeh@yahoo.com Behrooz Dolatshahi Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran Iran dolatshahee@yahoo.com Masoud Nosratabadi Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran Iran masoudnosratabadi@gmail.com Hadi Moradi School of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Iran moradih@ut.ac.ir No Keyword 6.pdf [0]Koelstra S, Patras I.Fusion of facial expressions and EEG for implicit affective tagging. 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1 Psychological Well-Being and Its Relationship to The Dark and Light Triad of Personality Among University Students: A Cross-sectional Study https://brieflands.com/journals/ijpbs/articles/170888 10.5812/ijpbs-170888 1 Background :Psychological well-being (PWB) is an essential aspect of students’ mental health and adjustment in university settings. The dark triad of personality (DTP) and light triad of personality (LTP) play contrasting roles in shaping PWB, yet their combined effects among university students remain underexplored. Objectives :This study aimed to explore the level of PWB and its relationship to the prevalence of personality triad among university students. Methods :A cross-sectional observational design was employed, and the study sample consisted of 513 participants (234 male students and 279 female students), selected through convenience sampling from various colleges and academic levels during the first semester of the 2025/2026 academic year. To collect data, PWB and personality triad scales were used. Results :Students experience a moderate level of PWB, and the environmental mastery dimension is the highest. The prevalence of DTP was low, whereas LTP was high. Results showed no statistically significant differences in PWB and personality triad levels based on gender or academic level variables. Finally, personality triad explained (38%) of the variation in PWB, and the dimensions of LTP were positively associated with PWB, whereas the dimensions of DTP were negatively associated with PWB to varying degrees. Conclusions :The results of this study contribute to understanding how personality disposition is associated with students' PWB. 1 11 Malek Alkhutaba Department of Psychology, Isra University, Amman, Jordan Jordan malek.alkhutaba@iu.edu.jo Nashwan A. 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