Kowsar Jentashapir J Cell Mol Biol 2717-2724 12 2 2021 7 24 10.5812/jjcmb.113310 Shahram Rajaei Behbahani Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Golestan Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran Habib Haybar Atherosclerosis Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran Mehdi Torabizadeh Golestan Hospital Clinical Research Development Unit, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran Mehdi Shahrouzian Department of Pediatrics, Abuzar Pediatrics Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran Research Article 2021 5 1 2021 1 26 2021 7 24 2021 06 30 Background : GATA-binding protein 4 (GATA4) can regulate vital genes, such as troponin C, and play an important role in cardiac formation and immune response maturation. Objectives : In this study, GATA4gene expression was evaluated in two groups of ventricular septal defect (VSD) patients with pneumonia and healthy cases. Methods : This case-control study evaluated GATA4gene expression by real-time polymerase chain reaction in 80 participants and statically estimated the association between GATA4expression and immunologic markers, such as immunoglobulin M, immunoglobulin A, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, white blood cell neutrophil, lymphocyte, and number of abortions in mothers of VSD patients with pneumonia. Results : According to the results, there was a significant relationship between mean birth weight and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio with GATA4gene expression in the case group (P < 0.05). Conclusions : It can be concluded that GATA4gene expression, especially in patients with VSD, can indicate their susceptibility to pneumonia. https://sites.kowsarpub.com/jjcmb/articles/113310.html https://jjcmb.kowsarpub.com/cdn/dl/1d414ffe-0f6a-11ec-b59d-1b8d2f2acb77 Ventricular Septal Defects GATA4 Pneumonia Congenital Heart Malformations Mutation Gene Expression