1 Detection of the mexR Gene in Pseudomonas aeruginosa During2 Arabidopsis Infection3456 https://brieflands.com/journals/jjm/articles/169119 10.5812/jjm-169119 1 Background :Pseudomonas aeruginosa species cause damage in various plant tissues by overcoming host defenses through the production of effectors and toxins. Pseudomonas aeruginosa infects Arabidopsis thaliana using multiple bacterial genes involved in virulence and adaptation. Objectives :The aim of this study was to identify the mexR gene in P. aeruginosa and investigate its potential role in infection and tissue damage in Arabidopsis thaliana Methods :Twelve plants per bacterial strain were used for infection assays. Disease symptoms were recorded daily to evaluate infection over a five-day period. The mexR gene was amplified from P. aeruginosa genomic DNA using PCR. Results :Water-soaking and yellow discoloration of infected leaves were observed two days after infection. An increase in colony-forming units (CFUs) was detected from day 0 to day 2, followed by only slight increases from day 2 to day 5. Out of fifteen P. aeruginosa strains tested, three strains were positive for the mexR gene. Conclusions :Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates exhibited a notable prevalence of the efflux pump regulatory gene mexR. This study provides evidence supporting an association between P. aeruginosa infection and tissue damage in Arabidopsis thaliana. 1 7 Mohamed Al Qurashi Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia m.khader@tu.edu.sa Osama Mehanna Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Al Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt Egypt mehannaosama@gmail.com No Keyword 1.pdf [0]Mohanty SP, Hughes DP, Salathé M.Using deep learning for image-based plant disease detection. Frontiers in Plant Science. 2016;7. [PubMed ID: 27713752]. 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1 Multidisciplinary Management of Odontogenic Brain Abscess Caused by Mixed Anaerobic Infection: A Case Report https://brieflands.com/journals/jjm/articles/167485 10.5812/jjm-167485 1 Introduction :Odontogenic brain abscess is an uncommon but potentially fatal intracranial infection, and its diagnosis is often delayed because of nonspecific symptoms and difficulty identifying the primary source of infection. Microbiological confirmation of oral pathogens is rare, particularly in anaerobic infections. Case Presentation :A 66-year-old man was admitted with dizziness, headache, and progressive right-sided weakness. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a left parietal abscess with surrounding edema. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis showed marked inflammatory changes, whereas routine cultures were negative. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) of the CSF identified Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Actinomyces israelii. An oral examination revealed severe periodontal disease, supporting an odontogenic source. Despite broad-spectrum antimicrobial therapy, the abscess ruptured into the ventricular system. The patient was successfully treated with targeted antibiotics combined with ventricular drainage and intraventricular lavage, resulting in substantial neurological recovery. No recurrence was observed during 6 months of follow-up. Conclusions :This case provides direct microbiological evidence linking chronic periodontal disease to brain abscess formation and highlights the diagnostic utility of CSF mNGS for identifying anaerobic odontogenic pathogens. Early recognition of oral infection as a potential source, and timely multidisciplinary intervention, are critical for improving outcomes in patients with high-risk brain abscesses. 1 8 Hui Ping Li The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China The Neurological Intensive Care Unit of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China China China lhp_huiping@outlook.com Wan Xin Wen The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China The Neurological Intensive Care Unit of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China China China wen_wx@outlook.com Fang Yuan The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China The Neurological Intensive Care Unit of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China China China yuanfang602@hotmail.com Shi Biao Wu The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China The Neurological Intensive Care Unit of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China China China shibiao_w@hotmail.com Ai Li Lu The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China The Neurological Intensive Care Unit of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China China China luailitcm@hotmail.com No Keyword 2.pdf [0]Carpenter J, Stapleton S, Holliman R.Retrospective analysis of 49 cases of brain abscess and review of the literature. 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1 Baseline ABTS Radical Scavenging Capacities of Common Microbial Media and the Impact of Sterilization Methods https://brieflands.com/journals/jjm/articles/168486 10.5812/jjm-168486 1 Background :Microbial culture media contain complex nutrient components such as yeast extract, peptides, and carbohydrates, which exhibit inherent redox properties. These baseline antioxidant activities can interfere with assays assessing the radical scavenging ability of microbial metabolites, particularly when media-derived effects are not properly controlled. Objectives :To quantitatively evaluate the intrinsic 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging capacities of five commonly used microbial media and to assess how media composition and sterilization methods contribute to assay interference. Methods :Five commercial liquid media — Tryptic Soy Broth (TSB), de Man-Rogosa-Sharpe (MRS) broth, Luria-Bertani (LB) broth (Miller), Nutrient Broth (NB), and Yeast extract-Malt extract (YM) broth — were tested for ABTS radical scavenging activity. Media were sterilized using either autoclaving (121°C, 20 min) or 0.22 μm syringe filtration. Radical scavenging (%) was calculated from absorbance at 734 nm after 15 min incubation with ABTS⁺ working solution. IC₅₀ values were determined by four-parameter logistic regression. Results :Baseline antioxidant capacity varied significantly depending on media composition, with the following potency order: MRS > TSB ≈ LB > YM > NB. Autoclaving further enhanced radical scavenging activity, particularly in carbohydrate-rich media such as MRS, likely due to the formation of melanoidin-like antioxidant compounds via heat-induced chemical reactions such as the Maillard reaction. Conclusions :Media-derived radical scavenging effects have substantial potential to confound antioxidant assays. Consideration of both media selection and sterilization method is essential to avoid misinterpretation of microbial functionality. This study provides practical guidance for minimizing assay interference and establishing reliable conditions in antioxidant-related microbiological research. 1 7 Ji-Hyun Kim Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea South Korea y134g3837@naver.com Chang-Gu Hyun Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea South Korea cghyun@gmail.com No Keyword 3.pdf [0]Coda R, Rizzello CG, Pinto D, Gobbetti M.Selected lactic acid bacteria synthesize antioxidant peptides during sourdough fermentation of cereal flours. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2012;78(4):1087-96. [PubMed ID: 22156436]. 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1 Molecular Detection and Prevalence of Mycoplasma hominis and M. genitalium Among Fertile and Infertile Individuals in Southern Iran https://brieflands.com/journals/jjm/articles/167346 10.5812/jjm-167346 1 Background :Mycoplasma hominis and M. genitalium have been associated with reproductive health issues and may contribute to infertility, although causal links remain unclear. Data on their prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility in southern Iran are limited. Objectives : To assess the molecular prevalence, species distribution, and antimicrobial susceptibility of M. hominis and M. genitalium among fertile and infertile individuals in Bandar Abbas, Hormozgan province, southern Iran. Methods : In this cross-sectional study conducted in 2024, 200 participants (100 infertile and 100 fertile) provided clinical samples — 100 semen samples from men and 100 endocervical swabs from women. Fertility status was clinically confirmed for all participants. Samples were enriched in pleuropneumonia-like organism (PPLO) broth, analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the 16S rRNA gene for genus-level detection, followed by multiplex PCR for species identification. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for azithromycin, erythromycin, and moxifloxacin were determined using the 96-well microdilution method. Data were analyzed using SPSS v29, with P < 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results : Among 200 samples, 41 (20.5%) were positive for Mycoplasma: 22 men (20 infertile, 2 fertile) and 19 women (16 infertile, 3 fertile). Multiplex PCR identified 26 isolates as M. genitalium (12 infertile men, 2 fertile men; 10 infertile women, 2 fertile women) and 15 isolates as M. hominis (8 infertile men, 0 fertile men; 6 infertile women, 1 fertile woman). Although minor differences were observed between sexes (22% of men vs 19% of women), these were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Macrolide resistance was detected in 6 M. genitalium and 4 M. hominis isolates, while moxifloxacin resistance was rare, found in only one M. genitalium isolate. Conclusions :Mycoplasma hominis and M. genitalium are present in both fertile and infertile individuals in southern Iran, with higher macrolide resistance in M. genitalium. While these organisms may influence reproductive health, causal associations cannot be confirmed. Routine molecular detection and species-specific antimicrobial testing are recommended, and larger longitudinal studies are needed to clarify their potential role in infertility. 1 9 Neda Fazeli Department of Microbiology, Ke.C., Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran Iran neda.fazeli@iau.ir Babak Kheirkhah Department of Microbiology, Baf.C., Islamic Azad University, Baft, Iran Iran babak.kheirkhah@iau.ac.ir Nadia Kazemipour Department of Microbiology, Ke.C., Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran Iran kazemipour@iau.ac.ir No Keyword 4.pdf [0]Tjagur S, Mandar R, Poolamets O, Pomm K, Punab M.Mycoplasma genitalium provokes seminal inflammation among infertile males. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(24). [PubMed ID: 34948264]. [PubMed Central ID: PMC8707260]. doi: 10.3390/ijms222413467.##[1]Charity Ezeanya-Bakpa C, Regina Agbakoba N, Blanche Oguejiofor C, Bessie Enweani-Nwokelo I.Sequence analysis reveals asymptomatic infection with Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum possibly leads to infertility in females: A cross-sectional study. Int J Reprod Biomed. 2021;19(11):951-8. [PubMed ID: 34977452]. [PubMed Central ID: PMC8717075]. doi: 10.18502/ijrm.v19i11.9910.##[2]Tsevat DG, Wiesenfeld HC, Parks C, Peipert JF.Sexually transmitted diseases and infertility. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2017;216(1):1-9. [PubMed ID: 28007229]. [PubMed Central ID: PMC5193130]. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2016.08.008.##[3]Tam Le M, Nguyen Nguyen D, Bach Nguyen H, Quynh Tram Ngo V, Quoc Huy Nguyen V.Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma genitalium detection and sperm quality: A cross-sectional study in Vietnam. Int J Reprod Biomed. 2021;20(3):185-94. [PubMed ID: 35571499]. [PubMed Central ID: PMC9099368]. doi: 10.18502/ijrm.v20i3.10710.##[4]Paira DA, Molina G, Tissera AD, Olivera C, Molina RI, Motrich RD.Results from a large cross-sectional study assessing Chlamydia trachomatis, Ureaplasma spp. and Mycoplasma hominis urogenital infections in patients with primary infertility. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):13655. [PubMed ID: 34211075]. [PubMed Central ID: PMC8249471]. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-93318-1.##[5]Abdo NM, Aslam I, Irfan S, George JA, Alsuwaidi AR, Ahmed LA, et al.Seroepidemiology of Treponema pallidum, Mycoplasma hominis, and Ureaplasma urealyticum in fertility treatment-seeking patients in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. J Infect Public Health. 2024;17(1):163-71. [PubMed ID: 38039859]. doi: 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.11.019.##[6]Nazarzadeh F, Ahmadi MH, Ansaripour S, Niakan M, Pouladi I.Detection and evaluation of macrolide resistance (erythromycin) in Mycoplasma hominis isolated from endocervical specimens of patients referring to Ibn Sina Infertility Treatment Centre, Tehran, Iran. Int J Fertil Steril. 2022;16(2):95-101. [PubMed ID: 35639656]. [PubMed Central ID: PMC9108290]. doi: 10.22074/IJFS.2021.529020.1118.##[7]Ahmadi MH.Resistance to tetracyclines among clinical isolates of Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma species: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2021;76(4):865-75. [PubMed ID: 33367765]. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkaa538.##[8]Moridi K, Ghazvini K, Hemmaty M, Hoseiniun H, Torkaman M, Fallah Mehrabadi MH.Prevalence determination of M. hominis and M. genitalium in the semen samples in the northeast of Iran using culture and multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Arch Razi Inst. 2021;76(1):41-9. [PubMed ID: 33818956]. 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Jundishapur J Microbiol. 2019;In Press(In Press). doi: 10.5812/jjm.84954.##[12]Esmaeili H, Shakeri AP, Tajik P, Hamedi M.The frequency of bacterial pathogens of mastitis and their antibiotic susceptibility in Saanen and Alpine goats. Research Square. 2023;Preprint. doi: 10.18502/jmb.v11i1-2.14371.##[13]Aguilera-Arreola MG, Gonzalez-Cardel AM, Tenorio AM, Curiel-Quesada E, Castro-Escarpulli G.Highly specific and efficient primers for in-house multiplex PCR detection of Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum. BMC Res Notes. 2014;7:433. [PubMed ID: 24997675]. [PubMed Central ID: PMC4099392]. doi: 10.1186/1756-0500-7-433.##[14]Matsuoka M, Narita M, Okazaki N, Ohya H, Yamazaki T, Ouchi K, et al.Characterization and molecular analysis of macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae clinical isolates obtained in Japan. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2004;48(12):4624-30. [PubMed ID: 15561835]. 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[PubMed Central ID: PMC7337446]. doi: 10.2147/IDR.S249630.##[18]Ozturk S, Yildiz S, Dursun P, Yener Ilce B, Kaymaz O.Mycoplasma hominis profile in women: Culture, kit, molecular diagnosis, antimicrobial resistance, and treatment. Microb Pathog. 2019;135:103635. [PubMed ID: 31352064]. doi: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103635.##[19]Doroftei B, Ilie OD, Armeanu T, Anton E, Scripcariu I, Maftei R.The prevalence of Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis infections in infertile patients in the northeast region of Romania. Medicina. 2021;57(3). [PubMed ID: 33652790]. [PubMed Central ID: PMC7996858]. doi: 10.3390/medicina57030211.##[20]Heidari Pebdeni P, Saffari F, Reza Mirshekari T, Ashourzadeh S, Taheri Soodejani M, Ahmadrajabi R.Bacteriospermia and its association with seminal fluid parameters and infertility in infertile men, Kerman, Iran: A cross-sectional study. Int J Reprod Biomed. 2021;20(3):202-12. [PubMed ID: 35571500]. 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1 Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Infections Associated with Deep Venous Catheterization in Patients with Pulmonary Infection in the ICU https://brieflands.com/journals/jjm/articles/167755 10.5812/jjm-167755 1 Background :Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) is an important cause of fatal drug-resistant infection in the intensive care unit (ICU). Thus, it is crucial to identify strategies to reduce the occurrence of CRAB infection. Although studies have revealed that CRAB is associated with invasive operations, little research has assessed the relationship between the occurrence of CRAB infections and different types of invasive procedures in patients with pulmonary infections in the ICU. Objectives :The present study explored the relationships between specific invasive procedures and CRAB infection to provide evidence for the clinical prevention and control of CRAB. Methods :This single-center retrospective analysis was conducted in the ICU and electronic ICU of Jiangsu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Patients diagnosed with pulmonary infection caused by AB between June 2020 and December 2024 were enrolled. Patients were categorized according to the presence or absence of CRAB infection, and invasive operation types and mortality rates were compared between these groups. The factors affecting CRAB infection were analyzed by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis. Patients were further divided into three groups based on the duration of deep venous catheterization, and the relationship between the risk of CRAB infection and the duration of catheterization was examined using multivariate regression models. Results :In total, 341 patients were included, with 216 patients in the CRAB group and 125 patients in the AB group. The 28-day all-cause mortality rate was higher in the CRAB group (52.8% vs. 38.4%; P < 0.001). Endotracheal intubation (odds ratio [OR] = 7.28, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.81 - 13.92), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR = 0.32, 95% CI = 0.14 - 0.77), a higher CURB-65 score (OR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.16 - 2.02), and a longer duration of deep venous catheterization (6 - 10 days: OR = 2.39, 95% CI = 1.15 - 4.97; ≥ 10 days: OR = 10.56, 95% CI = 4.52 - 24.67) increased the risk for CRAB infection. In the fully adjusted model, the rate of CRAB infection was significantly higher in patients catheterized for 6 - 10 days (OR = 2.49, 95% CI = 1.16 - 5.34) or ≥ 10 days (OR = 12.63, 95% CI = 5.22 - 30.59). Conclusions :Tracheal intubation and prolonged deep venous catheterization in the ICU increased the risk of CRAB infection and reduced survival among patients with pulmonary infection. Thus, the duration of deep venous catheterization and the use of tracheal intubation in the ICU should be minimized to reduce the risk of CRAB infection. 1 11 Sicheng Yuan Emergency Department Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine (Jiangsu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Jiangsu, China China 1491103741@qq.com Yuwei Tan Emergency Department Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine (Jiangsu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Jiangsu, China China tyw_871205@163.com Panpan Wu Emergency Department Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine (Jiangsu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Jiangsu, China China 17729120427@163.com Xiaoqian Du Emergency Department Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine (Jiangsu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Jiangsu, China China 2425542145@qq.com Ge Guo Emergency Department Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine (Jiangsu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Jiangsu, China China 18098420638@163.com Lu LI Emergency Department Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine (Jiangsu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Jiangsu, China China 1318179559@qq.com Hang Wang Emergency Department Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine (Jiangsu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Jiangsu, China China 1196926883@qq.com Li Dou Emergency Department Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine (Jiangsu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Jiangsu, China China 963415071@qq.com Tao Guo Emergency Department Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine (Jiangsu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Jiangsu, China China saharaicu@126.com No Keyword 5.pdf [0]Muller C, Reuter S, Wille J, Xanthopoulou K, Stefanik D, Grundmann H, et al.A global view on carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. mBio. 2023;14(6). e0226023. 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