The Effects of Physical Activity on Body Composition, Lipid Profile, Leptin, and Adiponectin Levels in Women: A Systematic Review Study

Activity and mobility have always been integral parts of human life. In this review article, the required data was collected by searching scientific search engines and using keywords such as sports training, leptin, adiponectin, and women. A comprehensive conclusion of the reviewed studies is also presented. Resistance training (RT) as a non-pharmacological method play an effective role in improving individuals’ health by reducing the levels of cardiovascular risk factors. However, The increase in these indicators is due to exercise and shows the favorable result of exercising compared to not exercising. It exposes human body to cardiovascular diseases. Highly intensive interval training can improve aerobic power, anaerobic capacity, body composition, fat percentage, weight, waist-to-hip ratio, and BMI in overweight and obese women. Aerobic and nano-curcumin training can be effective in lowering the inflammatory status in overweight and obese women and also lead to weight loss by decreasing inflammatory factors. Regular RT reduces the potential risk of cardiovascular diseases by improving leptin and adiponectin levels; hence, it can be used as an effective non-pharmacological treatment to prevent these diseases. RT is an effective way to decrease cardiovascular risk factors and plays an effective role in promoting health. Intense intermittent exercise can be effective in preventing some obesity-related diseases. Endurance exercise can improve body composition and play an effective role in preventing overweight and obesity diseases. Aerobic and RT reduce leptin levels and anxiety in overweight and obese adolescent girls.