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Works that cite this article, indexed by OpenAlex.

71 resultsUpdated November 07, 2026
1

Suboptimal reliability of liver biopsy evaluation has implications for randomized clinical trials

Journal of Hepatology 73(6) (2020)

Beth A. Davison; Stephen A. Harrison; Gad Cotter; Naim Alkhouri; Arun Jayant Sanyal; Christopher Edwards; Jerry R. Colca; Julie Iwashita; Gary G. Koch; Howard C. Dittrich

2

Assessment of hepatic steatosis by controlled attenuation parameter using the M and XL probes: an individual patient data meta-analysis

The Lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology 6(3) (2021)

David Petroff; Valentin Blank; Philip Noel Newsome; S. Shalimar; Cosmin Sebastian Voican; Maja Sofie Thiele; Victor de Lédinghen; Stephan Baumeler; Wah‐Kheong Chan; Gabriel Perlemuter; Ana Carolina Cardoso; Sandeep Aggarwal; M. Sasso; Peter J. Eddowes; Michael Allison; Emmanuel A. Tsochatzis; Quentin Mark Anstee; David A. Sheridan; Jeremy Cobbold; Sylvie Naveau; Monica Lupșor‐Platon; Sebastian Mueller; Aleksander Ahm Krag; Marie Irlès‐Depé; David Semela; Grace Lai‐Hung Wong; Vincent Wai‐Sun Wong; Cristiane Alves Villela‐Nogueira; Harshit Garg; Olivier Chazouillères; Johannes Wiegand; Thomas Karlas

3

The Influence of Dietary Fat on Liver Fat Accumulation

Nutrients 6(11) (2014)

Charlotte Green; Leanne Hodson

4

Correlations Between MRI Biomarkers PDFF and cT1 With Histopathological Features of Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis

Frontiers in Endocrinology 11 (2021)

Andrea Dennis; Matt Kelly; Carolina C. Fernandes; Sofia Mouchti; Jonathan Andrew Fallowfield; Gideon Morris Hirschfield; Michael Pavlides; Stephen A. Harrison; Manu V. Chakravarthy; Rajarshi Banerjee; Arun Jayant Sanyal

5

Deep learning enables pathologist-like scoring of NASH models

Scientific Reports 9(1) (2019)

Fabian Heinemann; Gerald Birk; Birgit Stierstorfer

6

Deep learning quantification of percent steatosis in donor liver biopsy frozen sections

EBioMedicine 60 (2020)

Lulu Sun; Jon N. Marsh; Matthew K. Matlock; Ling Chen; Joseph P. Gaut; Elizabeth M. Brunt; S. Joshua Swamidass; Ta‐Chiang Liu

7

Artificial intelligence scoring of liver biopsies in a phase II trial of semaglutide in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

Hepatology 80(1) (2023)

Vlad Ratziu; Sven Francque; Cynthia A. Behling; Vanja Cejvanovic; Helena Cortez‐Pinto; Janani S. Iyer; Niels Krarup; Quang Le; Anne‐Sophie Sejling; DINA G. TINIAKOS; Stephen A. Harrison

8

Histological assessment based on liver biopsy: the value and challenges in NASH drug development

Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 43(5) (2022)

Xiaofei Tong; Qianyi Wang; Xinyan Zhao; Yameng Sun; Xiaoning Wu; Liling Yang; Zhengzhao Lu; Xiaojuan Ou; Jidong Jia; Hong You

9

Modernizing metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease diagnostics: the progressive shift from liver biopsy to noninvasive techniques

Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology 17 (2024)

David Hudson; Tamoor Afzaal; Hasan Bualbanat; Raaed AlRamdan; Nisha Howarth; Pavithra Parthasarathy; Abdullah Al-Darwish; Emily Stephenson; Yousef Almahanna; Maytham Hussain; Luis Antonio Díaz; Juan Pablo Arab

10

Artificial intelligence and deep learning: New tools for histopathological diagnosis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal 21 (2023)

Yoshihisa Takahashi; Erdenetsogt Dungubat; Hiroyuki Kusano; Toshio Fukusato

11

Liver histology is associated with long-term clinical outcomes in patients with metabolic dysfunction–associated steatohepatitis

Hepatology Communications 8(6) (2024)

Zobair M. Younossi; Kamal Kant Mangla; Tina Landsvig Berentzen; Katrine Grau; Mette Skalshøi Kjær; Steen Ladelund; Louise Maymann Nitze; Crystal L. Coolbaugh; Chih-Yuan Hsu; Hannes Hagström

13

Prediction of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) activity score (NAS) with multiparametric hepatic magnetic resonance imaging and elastography

European Radiology 29(11) (2019)

Ziying Yin; Matthew C. Murphy; Jiahui Li; Kevin J. Glaser; Amy S. Mauer; Taofic Mounajjed; Terry M. Therneau; Heshan Liu; Harmeet Malhi; Armando Manduca; Richard L. Ehman; Meng Yin

14

Quantitative multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging can aid non-alcoholic steatohepatitis diagnosis in a Japanese cohort

World Journal of Gastroenterology 27(7) (2021)

Kento Imajo; Louise Ann Tetlow; Andrea Dennis; Elizabeth Shumbayawonda; Sofia Mouchti; Timothy James Kendall; Eve Fryer; Shogi Yamanaka; Yasushi Honda; Takaomi Kessoku; Yuji Ogawa; Masato Yoneda; Satoru Saito; Matt Kelly; Matt Kelly; Rajarshi Banerjee; Atsushi Nakajima

15

A large-scale internal validation study of unsupervised virtual trichrome staining technologies on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis liver biopsies

Modern Pathology 34(4) (2020)

Joshua Levy; Nasim Azizgolshani; Michael J. Andersen; Arief Antonius Suriawinata; Xiaoying Liu; Mikhail Lisovsky; Bing Ren; Carly A. Bobak; Brock C. Christensen; Louis Joseph Vaickus

16

The molecular diagnosis of rejection in liver transplant biopsies: First results of the INTERLIVER study

American Journal of Transplantation 20(8) (2020)

Katelynn S. Madill-Thomsen; Marwan S Abouljoud; Chandra Shekhar Bhati; Michał Ciszek; Magdalena Durlik; Sandy Feng; Bartosz Foroncewicz; Iman Francis; Michał Grąt; Krzysztof Jurczyk; Göran B. Klintmalm; Maciej Krasnodębski; Geoffrey William McCaughan; Rosa Miquel; Aldo J. Montaño‐Loza; Dilip Moonka; Krzysztof Mucha; Marek Myślak; Leszek Pączek; Agnieszka Perkowska‐Ptasińska; Grzegorz Piecha; Trevor Reichman; Alberto Sanchez Fueyo; Olga Tronina; Marta Wawrzynowicz‐Syczewska; Andrzej Więcek; Krzysztof Zieniewicz; Philip F. Halloran

17

Wisteria floribunda agglutinin-positive mac-2 binding protein as an age-independent fibrosis marker in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Scientific Reports 9(1) (2019)

Nobuharu Tamaki; Mayu Higuchi; Masayuki Kurosaki; Sakura Kirino; Leona Osawa; Keiya Watakabe; Wan Wang; Mao Okada; Takao Shimizu; Kenta Takaura; Hitomi Takada; Shun Kaneko; Yutaka Yasui; Kaoru Tsuchiya; Hiroyuki Nakanishi; Jun Itakura; Yuka Takahashi; Nobuyuki Enomoto; Namiki Izumi

18

Magnetic resonance elastography SE-EPI vs GRE sequences at 3T in a pediatric population with liver disease

Abdominal Radiology 44(3) (2019)

Juan S. Calle‐Toro; Suraj D. Serai; Erum Aftab Hartung; David Goldberg; Bradley D. Bolster; Kassa Darge; Sudha A. Anupindi

19

Head-to-head comparison of magnetic resonance elastography-based liver stiffness, fat fraction, and T1 relaxation time in identifying at-risk NASH

Hepatology 78(4) (2023)

Jiahui Li; Xin Lu; Zheng Hong Zhu; Kyle J. Kalutkiewicz; Taofic Mounajjed; Terry M. Therneau; Sudhakar Kundapur Venkatesh; Yi Sui; Kevin J. Glaser; Safa Hoodeshenas; Armando Manduca; Vijay H. Shah; Richard L. Ehman; Alina M. Allen; Meng Yin

20

Multi stain graph fusion for multimodal integration in pathology

IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW) (2022)

Chaitanya Dwivedi; Shima Nofallah; Maryam Pouryahya; Janani S. Iyer; Kenneth Leidal; Chuhan Chung; Timothy R. Watkins; Andrew N. Billin; Robert P. Myers; John Abel; Ali Behrooz

23

Multi-Society Expert Panel Consensus Guidance Regarding Clinical Assessment and Clinical Trial Endpoints in Adults With Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency–Associated Liver Disease

Gastroenterology 170(4) (2025)

Rohit Seth Loomba; Virginia Clark; Mattias Mandorfer; Marc Miravitlles; Mark Brantly; Saul J. Karpen; Aleksander Ahm Krag; Paul Yien Kwo; Don C. Rockey; Mark W. Russo; Antonio Sánchez; Scott Santarella; Suzanne R. Sharpton; Charlie Strange; Jeffrey H. Teckman; Alice Margaret Turner; Hugo E. Vargas; Pavel Strnad

24

Artificial intelligence in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: Transforming diagnosis and therapeutic approaches

World Journal of Gastroenterology 32(2) (2026)

Pablo Guillermo Hernández-Almonacid; Ximena Marín-Quintero

25

Donor Liver Small Droplet Macrovesicular Steatosis Is Associated With Increased Risk for Recipient Allograft Rejection

The American Journal of Surgical Pathology 41(3) (2017)

Won‐Tak Choi; Kuang‐Yu Jen; Dongliang Wang; Mehdi Tavakol; John Paul Roberts; Ryan M. Gill

26

Fatty Liver Disease

Elsevier eBooks (2017)

DINA G. TINIAKOS; Quentin Mark Anstee; Alastair D. Burt

27

Green Tea in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Double Blind Randomized Clinical Trial

Hepatitis Monthly 17(12) (2017)

Seyed Mohammad Tabatabaee; Seyed Moayed Alavian; Leila Ghalichi; Seyed Mohammad Miryounesi; Kazem Mousavizadeh‬; Shima Jazayeri; Mohammadreza Vafa

28

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis in Childhood: Endocrine-Metabolic “Mal-Programming”

Hepatitis Monthly 14(4) (2014)

Sara Manti; Claudio Romano; Valeria Chirico; Martina Filippelli; Caterina Cuppari; Italia Loddo; Carmelo Damiano Salpietro; Teresa Arrigo

29

Deep Learning based NAS Score and Fibrosis Stage Prediction from CT and Pathology Data

IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Bioengineering (BIBE) (2020)

Ananya Jana; Hui Yan Qu; Puru Rattan; Carlos D. Minacapelli; Vinod K. Rustgi; Dimitris Metaxas

30

Feasibility and agreement of stiffness measurements using gradient-echo and spin-echo MR elastography sequences in unselected patients undergoing liver MRI

British Journal of Radiology 91(1087) (2018)

Guilherme Moura Cunha; Kevin J. Glaser; Anke Bergman; Rodrigo Luz; Eduardo H de Figueiredo; Flávia Paiva Proença Lobo Lopes

31

A scoring system for the diagnosis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis from liver biopsy

Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine 54(3) (2020)

Kyoungbun Lee; Eun Sun Jung; Eunsil Yu; Yun Kyung Kang; Mee-Yon Cho; Joon Mee Kim; Woo Sung Moon; Jin Sook Jeong; Cheol Keun Park; Jae-Bok Park; Dae Young Kang; Jin Hee Sohn; So-Young Jin

32

An unsupervised transfer learning model based on convolutional auto encoder for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis activity scoring and fibrosis staging of liver histopathological images

Neural Computing and Applications 35(14) (2023)

Meryem Altın Karagöz; Bahriye Akay; Alper Baştürk; Derviş Karaboğa; Özkan Ufuk Nalbantoğlu

33

Fatty Liver Disease

Elsevier eBooks (2023)

DINA G. TINIAKOS; Quentin Mark Anstee; Elizabeth M. Brunt; Alastair D. Burt

34

Limited use of FIB‐4 index in patients under 65 years of age with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Hepatology Research 55(4) (2024)

Mimi Kim; Eileen Laureal Yoon; Huiyul Park; Takanori Ito; Masatoshi Ishigami; Ae Jung Jo; Chul‐min Lee; Bo‐Kyeong Kang; Hye‐Lin Kim; Taeang Arai; Masanori Atsukawa; Miwa Kawanaka; Hidenori Toyoda; Ming‐Lung Yu; Dae Won Jun; Mindie H. Nguyen

35

Morphometric Quantification of Steatosis and Fibrosis in Metabolic Liver Disease Associated With Type 2 Diabetes

Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 24(5) (2025)

O Fourati; Pauline Manchon; Philippe Garteiser; Laurent Castéra; Marco Dioguardi Burgio; Bernard E. VAN BEERS; Pierre Bédossa; Miguel Albuquerque; Thierry Poynard; Cédric Laouenan; Dominique Charles Valla; Valérie Paradis

36

A Scoping Review of the Photographic Assessment of Donor Liver Steatosis in Transplantation Using Artificial Intelligence

Clinical Transplantation 40(2) (2026)

Georgios Kourounis; Samuel James Tingle; Ali Ahmed Elmahmudi; Brian Thomson; Robin Nandi; Emily R. Thompson; Barney T. F. Stephenson; J. Stewart Hunter; Hassan Ugail; Neil Sheerin; Colin Hugh Wilson

37

R2 relaxometry based MR imaging for estimation of liver iron content: A comparison between two methods

Abdominal Radiology 44(9) (2019)

Juan S. Calle‐Toro; Christian A. Barrera; Dmitry Khrichenko; Hansel J. Otero; Suraj D. Serai

38

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Different Classifications Concordance and Relationship between Degrees of Morphological Features and Spectrum of the Disease

Analytical Cellular Pathology 2014 (2014)

Juliana Maya Monteiro; Geysa Bigi Maya Monteiro; Adriana Caroli‐Bottino; Vera Lúcia Pannain

39

Inter-reader agreement of magnetic resonance imaging proton density fat fraction and its longitudinal change in a clinical trial of adults with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

Abdominal Radiology 44(2) (2018)

Jonathan C. Hooker; Gavin Hamilton; Charlie C. Park; Steven Liao; Tanya J. Wolfson; Soudabeh Fazeli Dehkordy; Cheng William Hong; Adrija Mamidipalli; Anthony C. Gamst; Rohit Seth Loomba; Claude B. Sirlin

40

Development and validation of a non-invasive model for diagnosing HBV-related liver cirrhosis

Clinica Chimica Acta 523 (2021)

Xiangyu Zhang; Peiran Huang; Xinyu Wang; Kaiqian Zhou; Feiyu Chen; Cheng Zhou; Lei Yu; Qing Lü; Jian Zhou; Jie Hu; Zheng Wang

41

Combined methods of optical spectroscopy and artificial intelligence in the assessment of experimentally induced non-alcoholic fatty liver

Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine 198 (2020)

Eduardo J. Arista Romeu; Josué D. Rivera-Fernández; Karen Roa-Tort; A. Valor; Galileo Escobedo; Diego A. Fabila-Bustos; S. Stolik; J. de la Rosa; Carolina Guzmán

42

Classification of the Stages of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis via Federated General Visual Representation Learning

International Journal of Imaging Systems and Technology 34(4) (2024)

Mehmet Ercan Nergiz

43

Defining an NK Cell–enriched Rejection-like Phenotype in Liver Transplant Biopsies From the INTERLIVER Study

Transplantation 109(8) (2025)

Katelynn S. Madill-Thomsen; Patrick T. Gauthier; Marwan S Abouljoud; Chandra Shekhar Bhati; David Bruno; Michał Ciszek; Magdalena Durlik; Sandy Feng; Bartosz Foroncewicz; Michał Grąt; Krzysztof Jurczyk; Josh Levitsky; Geoffrey William McCaughan; Daniel G. Maluf; Aldo J. Montaño‐Loza; Dilip Moonka; Krzysztof Mucha; Marek Myślak; Agnieszka Perkowska‐Ptasińska; Grzegorz Piecha; Trevor Reichman; Olga Tronina; Marta Wawrzynowicz‐Syczewska; Samir Zeair; Philip F. Halloran

44

Visual assessment of liver steatosis at retrieval predicts long term liver transplant outcomes in donation following circulatory death

HPB 27(5) (2025)

Ning Xuan Ho; Samuel James Tingle; Georgios Kourounis; Balaji S Mahendran; Rebecca Bramley; Emily R. Thompson; Aimen O. Amer; Rodrigo Figueiredo; Stuart McPherson; Steven A White; Colin Hugh Wilson

45

Recent Advances in the Application of Machine Learning Models in Metabolic Dysfunction–Associated Steatotic Liver Disease

Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews 42(2) (2026)

Fan Yang; Xueyue Sun; Kui Jiang; Mengya Zhang; Chao Sun

46

Modifiers of Liver-Related Manifestation in the Course of NAFLD

Current Pharmaceutical Design 26(10) (2020)

Patrik Nasr; Julia Blomdahl; Stergios Kechagias; Mattias Ekstedt

47

Inter-observer Variability in Histomorphological Evaluation of Non-neoplastic Liver Biopsy Tissue and Impact of Clinical Information on Final Diagnosis in Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Affiliated Hospitals

Iranian journal of pathology 14(03) (2019)

Zeinab Kishani Farahani; Mahsa Ahadi; Behrang Kazeminejad; Tahmineh Mollasharifi; Malihe Saber Afsharian; Amir Sadeghi; Farahnaz Bidari Zerehpoosh; Elena Jamali; Niki Hasanzadeh; Abolfazl Movafagh; Arash Dehghan; Arsham Moradi; Afshin Moradi

48

Identification of tissue sections from decellularized liver scaffolds for repopulation experiments

Heliyon 7(2) (2021)

Philipp Felgendreff; Claudia Schindler; Franziska Mußbach; Chichi Xie; Felix Gremse; Utz Settmacher; Uta Dahmen

49

Study of Methionine Choline Deficient Diet-Induced Steatosis in Mice Using Endogenous Fluorescence Spectroscopy

Molecules 24(17) (2019)

A. Valor; Eduardo J. Arista Romeu; Galileo Escobedo; Adriana Campos-Espinosa; Ivette Irais Romero-Bello; Javier Moreno-González; Diego A. Fabila-Bustos; S. Stolik; J. de la Rosa; Carolina Guzmán

50

Determination of Non-Invasive Biomarkers for the Assessment of Fibrosis, Steatosis and Hepatic Iron Overload by MR Image Analysis. A Pilot Study

Diagnostics 11(7) (2021)

Alba Meneses-Felipe; José Manuel Santabárbara; Juan Antonio Romero; Roberto Aliaga; Alicia M. Maceira; David Moratal

51

This Is What Metabolic Dysfunction–Associated Steatotic Liver Disease Looks Like: Potential of a Multiparametric MRI Protocol

Seminars in Liver Disease 44(02) (2024)

Anja M. Fischer; Nazim Lechea; Harvey O. Coxson

52

Deep learning for automated boundary detection and segmentation in organ donation photography

Innovative Surgical Sciences 10(3) (2024)

Georgios Kourounis; Ali Ahmed Elmahmudi; Brian Thomson; Robin Nandi; Samuel James Tingle; Emily K. Glover; Emily R. Thompson; Balaji S Mahendran; Chloe Connelly; Beth G. Gibson; Lucy Bates; Neil Sheerin; James P. Hunter; Hassan Ugail; Colin Hugh Wilson

53

État des lieux sur la physiopathologie, le diagnostic et les traitements de la stéato-hépatite non alcoolique (NASH)

Annales Pharmaceutiques Françaises 81(2) (2022)

Guillaume Grzych; L. Bernard; R. Lestrelin; Anne Tailleux; Bart Staels

54

Automated hemangioma detection using Otsu based binarized Kaze features

Multimedia Tools and Applications 79(33-34) (2020)

Uğurhan Kutbay

55

Reliability of diagnosis from Mohs slides: interpersonal and intrapersonal agreement on basal cell carcinoma presence and histological subtype

British Journal of Dermatology 175(3) (2016)

C.B. van Lee; E.E.F. Ip Vai Ching; Kazem Nasserinejad; H. A. Martino Neumann; Marco G. W. Bol; Petra Dikrama; Nicole W.J. Kelleners-Smeets; Senada Koljenović; Kai Munte; Vincent Noordhoek Hegt; Hanke C. de Vijlder; Tamar E. C. Nijsten; Renate Ruth van den Bos

56

Deep Parenchymal Steatosis Assessment and Quantification in Histopathology

IEEE Access 13 (2025)

Rishit Gupta; Amit Nagora; Phidakordor Sahshong; Parth Parekh; Apurba Chakraborty; Manish Bhatt

57

Double Graph Attention Network for predicting non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with type 2 diabetes

Artificial Intelligence in Medicine 174 (2026)

Tianbin Chen; Yongbin Zeng; Jinlin Wang; Xiao Sun; Sihao Liu; Ya Fu; Qiang Yi; Qishui Ou; Kai Yan; Zhiheng Zhou

58

Exposure–response modeling of liver fat imaging endpoints in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease populations administered ervogastat alone and co‐administered with clesacostat

CPT Pharmacometrics & Systems Pharmacology 14(2) (2024)

Jim Henry Hughes; Neeta B. Amin; Jessica Wojciechowski; Manoli Vourvahis

59

Deep Learning Based Steatosis Quantification of Liver Histopathology Images Using Unsupervised Feature Extraction

IEEE International Conference on Computing and Machine Intelligence (ICMI) (2022)

Meryem Altın Karagöz; Derviş Karaboğa; Bahriye Akay; Alper Baştürk; Özkan Ufuk Nalbantoğlu

61

Xanthoma Disseminatum Presenting as Liver Failure in an Adult: A Case Report

Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research 34(2) (2021)

Maxwell Bressman

62

CONTEST: A generalization of ONEST to estimate sample size for predictive augmented intelligence method validation studies

Journal of Pathology Informatics 19 (2025)

Benjamin K. Olson; Joseph H. Rosenthal; Ryan D. Kappedal; Niels H. Olson

65

Quantitative MR biomarkers in identifying steatohepatitis and fibrosis associated with metabolic dysfunction associated liver disease—a single center cross-sectional study

Abdominal Radiology (2026)

Srinivas Meharwade; Sanchita Gupta; Ankur Goyal; Devasenathipathy Kandasamy; Shalimar; Shivanand Gamanagatti; Prasenjit Das; Amit Mehndiratta; Mani Kalaivani; Raju Sharma

66

Extracellular vesicle-derived candidate biomarker in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: systematic review and exploratory meta-analysis

Scientific Reports 16(1) (2026)

Swasthika Gurjar; Sonia Bhat; Ramanarayana Bhat A; Athish Shetty; Raghavendra Upadhya; Asha Kamath; Shwetha Kamath; Varashree B S; Madhukar Mallya H.; Ramesh Chandrababu; Revathi Panduranga Shenoy

67

The evolving role of liver biopsy in chronic liver disease: a pathological and clinical perspective

Egyptian Liver Journal 16(1) (2026)

Fereshteh SHarbati; Reza Rezaei

68

Artificial intelligence in the estimation of fat content in liver biopsies for liver transplantation: a systematic review

International Journal of Surgery (2026)

Danielle M. Wilmes; Evan J. Catron; Robert P. Passarelli; Plamen V. Mihaylov; Ping Li; Wenjun Zhang; Yücel Yankol; Richard Shane Mangus; Marc L. Melcher; Burcin Ekser