Is SEN Virus a Major Concern in Hemodialysis and Liver Transplantation?

Although hepatotropic viruses such as hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are well-identified viral agents for the development of hepatitis, infection with some other viruses may lead to varying degrees of liver injury. Moreover, the hepatic pathogenicity of a few viral agents still remains to be determined. In recent years, viral agents such as TTV and SEN virus with possible hepatic pathogenicity have been introduced. SEN virus has been reported with different rates of prevalence in high-risk groups such as dialysis patients, and low-risk groups such as blood donors. Identification of the SEN virus as a possible etiological agent of parenteral transmission hepatitis led to a major concern about the possibility of its role in liver diseases in hemodialysis patients as well as in renal transplant patients. This manuscript provides an updated integrative review on SEN virus from virological aspect as well as epidemiologic and diagnostic medicine. Moreover, its role in liver diseases considering the co-infection with other hepatotropic viruses has also been reviewed.