A review on textile wastewater production, characterization, and treatment technologies

In the past, the industrial sewage was discharged into the environment without considering its consequences. Alternatively, the increase in the human population and the industrial and economic growth has created several issues regarding environmental pollution, at present and for future. The textile industry is considered as main concerns by its environmental effects and hazardous wastes. The textile industry comprises a broad spectrum of units and generates large amount of wastewater containing several hazardous and toxic matters including heavy metals, pesticides, pigments and dyes (azo dyes), acids and soda, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Consequently, that can be created the environmental problems and several health effects such as cancers, allergies, and irritability. However, immediate approaches must be taken to prevent these issues. Based on literatures, the characteristics of wastewater streams that arise from different industrial units have been reviewed. The main concerns related to textile wastewaters include choosing the best technology and providing an appropriate treatment method. Most common successful treatment methods include using physicochemical and biological approaches.