The Relationship Between Depression and Nicotine-dependency in Patients Referring to Ayatollah Kashani Out – Patient Department (OPD) of Kerman in 2002

L Loghmani; A Abbaszadeh; AR Ghafarinezhad

Journal of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences

Peer-reviewed Medical Quarterly

Current Issue All Issues In Press Accepted Manuscripts Search

Journal Information Boards and Committees Indexing and Listing Sources Journal Metrics Open Peer Review (OPR)Publication Ethics and Malpractice Statement Reviewer and AE Registration Form Support Contact Us

Authors Guide Submit Manuscript

The Relationship Between Depression and Nicotine-dependency in Patients Referring to Ayatollah Kashani Out – Patient Department (OPD) of Kerman in 2002

Author(s):

L Loghmani^1,*,

A Abbaszadeh¹,

AR Ghafarinezhad¹

1Iran

Journal of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences:Vol. 9, issue 1; e81516

Published online:Jun 19, 2005

Article type:Research Article

Received:Jan 10, 2005

Accepted:May 10, 2005

How to Cite:Loghmani L, Abbaszadeh A, Ghafarinezhad A. The Relationship Between Depression and Nicotine-dependency in Patients Referring to Ayatollah Kashani Out – Patient Department (OPD) of Kerman in 2002. J Kermanshah Univ Med Sci. 2005;9(1):e81516. doi:

Abstract

Introduction: Depression is one of the most common psychiatric problems. The prevalence of depression in Iran has been estimated about 10-35% in females and 5-9% in males. Nicotine is a narcotic substance and approximately 22% of American people are dependent on it. One of the notorious outcomes of nicotine-dependency is behavioral problems. The aim of this study was to find the relationship between depression and nicotine-dependency so as to prevent its harmful effects on the society.

Materials & Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study the relationship between depression and nicotine-dependency has been investigated. For this purpose 120 patients referring to Ayatollah Kashani OPD in 2002 were selected by simple random sampling. In the first stage all subjects were evaluated by nicotine-dependency test (forhrestrom) and divided into two groups of nicotine-dependents (N=25) and non-dependents (N=95). Then the depression in the two groups was evaluated by employing Beck Standard Test and the relationship between depression and nicotine-dependency was studied by comparing the obtained results in the two mentioned groups. Data were analyzed by c².

Results: In the present study the rate of depression was higher in nicotine-dependent group comparing to non-dependents. That is, in the nicotine-dependent group 24% had mild, 32% moderate and 20% severe depression. In non-dependent group mild depression was seen in 23.7%, moderate in 23.7% and severe in 7.9%. This showed a significant difference between the two groups with regard to the rate of depression (p=0.003). In dependent group 28% and in non-dependent group only 7.9% had history of depression.

Conclusion: Based on the results, nicotine-dependent subjects had higher rate of depression comparing to non-dependents. Depression and nicotine-dependency had a reciprocal relationship. Among all demographic variables, the only nicotine-dependency variable leading to depression was in smokers. Therefore health programs are highly recommended in order to teach and inform all levels of community of the harmful effects of nicotine.

Keywords

Depression

Nicotine-Dependence

Smoking

Fulltext

The full text of this article is available on PDF

Prevalence of Depression and Its Affecting Factors in Patients Referred to Substance Abuse Treatment Centers in Guilan Province, Iran, During Year 2013

Mohammad Hassan Novin,

Hassan Eftekhar-Ardebili,

Azizollah Batebi,

Zahra Mohtasham Amiri,

Nahid Bazarganian Langeroodi

Novin MH, Eftekhar-Ardebili H, Batebi A, Mohtasham Amiri Z, Bazarganian Langeroodi N. Prevalence of Depression and Its Affecting Factors in Patients Referred to Substance Abuse Treatment Centers in Guilan Province, Iran, During Year 2013. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci. 2018;12(4):e58779. doi: https://doi.org/10.5812/ijpbs.58779

18

Aug

2018

Prevalence of Different Types of Mental Disorders in Addicts of Ahvaz City During Year 2016

Zahra Dehghanizadeh,

Baharehalsadate Heydariyehzadeh,

Majid Eydi-Baygi

Dehghanizadeh Z, Heydariyehzadeh B, Eydi-Baygi M. Prevalence of Different Types of Mental Disorders in Addicts of Ahvaz City During Year 2016. Ann Mil Health Sci Res. 2018;16(1):e74231. doi: https://doi.org/10.5812/amh.74231

5

Jul

2008

Patterns and Correlates of Substance Use Among University Students in Iran

Ali Talaei,

Naghmeh Mokhber,

Mohammad Reza Fayyazi Bordbar,

Arash Javanbakh,

Ali Akbar Samari

Talaei A, Mokhber N, Fayyazi Bordbar MR, Javanbakh A, Samari AA. Patterns and Correlates of Substance Use Among University Students in Iran. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci. 2008;2(2):. doi:

8

Jun

2016

Major Causes of Drug Abuse From the Viewpoint of Addicted Persons Referred to Addiction Treatment Centers of Tabriz City, Iran

Mahnaz Pourallahvirdi,

Farzad Rahmani,

Fatemeh Ranjbar,

Haniyeh Ebrahimi Bakhtavar,

Arezu Ettehadi

Pourallahvirdi M, Rahmani F, Ranjbar F, Ebrahimi Bakhtavar H, Ettehadi A. Major Causes of Drug Abuse From the Viewpoint of Addicted Persons Referred to Addiction Treatment Centers of Tabriz City, Iran. Arch Neurosci. 2016;3(3):e37653. doi: https://doi.org/10.5812/archneurosci.37653

20

Mar

2015

Evaluation of Anxiety and Depression Among Female Spouses of Iranian Male Drug Dependents

Roya Noori,

Firoozeh Jafari,

Babak Moazen,

Hamid Reza Khoddami Vishteh,

Ali Farhoudian,

Hooman Narenjiha

,et al.

Noori R, Jafari F, Moazen B, Khoddami Vishteh HR, Farhoudian A, et al. Evaluation of Anxiety and Depression Among Female Spouses of Iranian Male Drug Dependents. Int J High Risk Behav Addict. 2015;4(1):e21624. doi: https://doi.org/10.5812/ijhrba.21624

Import into EndNote Import into BibTex

Share on

Comments

Number of Comments:0

Cited by

Scopus by DOI: 0
Last Update: 2 weeks ago
Scopus by Title: 0
Last Update: 2 weeks ago
Scopus by Title (Ref): 0
Last Update: 2 weeks ago
CrossRef: 0
Last Update: 6 hours ago

Metrics

Ordering Reprints

Articles are published under the Creative Commons license stated on each article. No permission or royalty fee is required for uses permitted by that license. CCC handles optional bulk and customized reprint orders. Any quotation covers production and delivery services only, not copyright permission. > Request Reprints from CCC

Search Relations

Author(s):

L Loghmani:[PubMed][Scholar]
A Abbaszadeh:[PubMed][Scholar]
AR Ghafarinezhad:[PubMed][Scholar]

Peer-reviewed Medical Quarterly

Outlines

The Relationship Between Depression and Nicotine-dependency in Patients Referring to Ayatollah Kashani Out – Patient Department (OPD) of Kerman in 2002

Abstract

Fulltext

Similar Articles

Prevalence of Depression and Its Affecting Factors in Patients Referred to Substance Abuse Treatment Centers in Guilan Province, Iran, During Year 2013

Prevalence of Different Types of Mental Disorders in Addicts of Ahvaz City During Year 2016

Patterns and Correlates of Substance Use Among University Students in Iran

Major Causes of Drug Abuse From the Viewpoint of Addicted Persons Referred to Addiction Treatment Centers of Tabriz City, Iran

Evaluation of Anxiety and Depression Among Female Spouses of Iranian Male Drug Dependents

Last Update: 2 weeks ago

Last Update: 2 weeks ago

Last Update: 2 weeks ago

Last Update: 6 hours ago