Staphylococcus epidermidis virulence factor and ability of macroscopic biofilm production

References

• 1.
  Otto M. Staphylococcus epidermidisthe'accidental'pathogen. Nat Rev Microbiol 2009; 7: 555-567.
• 2.
  Sani NA, Sapri HF, Neoh Hm, Hussin S. First report on the molecular epidemiology of Malaysian Staphylococcus epidermidis isolated from a University Teaching Hospital. BMC Res Notes 2014; 7: 597.
• 3.
  Rohde H, Kalitzky M, Krger N, Scherpe S, Horstkotte MA, Knobloch JK, et al. Detection of virulence-associated genes not useful for discriminating between invasive and commensal Staphylococcus epidermidis strains from a bone marrow transplant unit. J Clin Microbiol 2004; 42: 5614-5619.
• 4.
  Namvar AE, Bastarahang S, Abbasi N, Ghehi GS, Farhadbakhtiarian S, Arezi P, et al. Clinical characteristics of Staphylococcus epidermidis: a systematic review. GMS Hyg Infect Control 2014; 9.
• 5.
  Luther MK, Bilida S, Mermel LA, LaPlante KL. Ethanol and isopropyl alcohol exposure increases biofilm formation in staphylococcus aureus and staphylococcus epidermidis. Infect Dis Ther 2015: 1-8.
• 6.
  Asai K, Yamada K, Yagi T, Baba H, Kawamura I, Ohta M. Effect of incubation atmosphere on the production and composition of staphylococcal biofilms. J Infect Chemother 2015; 21: 55-61.
• 7.
  Tafin UF, Betrisey B, Bohner M, Ilchmann T, Trampuz A, Clauss M. Staphylococcal biofilm formation on the surface of three different calcium phosphate bone grafts: a qualitative and quantitative in vivo analysis. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2015; 26: 1-8.
• 8.
  Pinheiro L, Brito CI, Pereira VC, Oliveira Ad, Camargo CH, Cunha MdLRd. Reduced susceptibility to vancomycin and biofilm formation in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis isolated from blood cultures. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2014; 109: 871-878.
• 9.
  Arciola CR, Campoccia D, Speziale P, Montanaro L, Costerton JW. Biofilm formation in Staphylococcus implant infections. A review of molecular mechanisms and implications for biofilm-resistant materials. Biomaterials 2012; 33: 5967-5982.
• 10.
  Arciola CR, Campoccia D, Gamberini S, Donati ME, Montanaro L. Presence of fibrinogen-binding adhesin gene in Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates from central venous catheters-associated and orthopaedic implant-associated infections. Biomaterials 2004; 25: 4825-4829.
• 11.
  Otto M. Molecular basis of staphylococcus epidermidis infections. Semin Immunopathol 2012; 34: 201-214.
• 12.
  Arciola CR, Campoccia D, Ravaioli S, Montanaro L. Polysaccharide intercellular adhesin in biofilm: structural and regulatory aspects. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2015; 5.
• 13.
  Gad GF, El-Feky MA, El-Rehewy MS, Hassan MA, Abolella H, El-Baky RM. Detection of icaA, icaD genes and biofilm production by Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis isolated from urinary tract catheterized patients. J Infect Dev Ctries 2009; 3: 342-351.
• 14.
  Koskela A, Nilsdotter-Augustinsson , Persson L, Sderquist B. Prevalence of the ica operon and insertion sequence IS256 among Staphylococcus epidermidis prosthetic joint infection isolates. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2009; 28: 655-660.
• 15.
  Bowden MG, Chen W, Singvall J, Xu Y, Peacock SJ, Valtulina V, et al. Identification and preliminary characterization of cell-wall-anchored proteins of Staphylococcus epidermidis. Microbiology 2005; 151: 1453-1464.
• 16.
  Rohde H, Frankenberger S, Zhringer U, Mack D. Structure, function and contribution of polysaccharide intercellular adhesin (PIA) to Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm formation and pathogenesis of biomaterial-associated infections. Eur J Cell Biol 2010; 89: 103-111.
• 17.
  Forbes BA, Sahm DF, Weissfeld AS. Study guide for bailey & scott's diagnostic microbiology: Mosby; 2007.
• 18.
  Sharon J. Peacock. Staphylococcus. In: Topley wilsons Microbiology & Microbial Infections.10th ed. Hodder Arnold. 2005; p: 771-816.
• 19.
  Los R, Sawicki R, Juda M, Stankevic M, Rybojad P, Sawicki M, et al. A comparative analysis of phenotypic and genotypic methods for the determination of the biofilm-forming abilities of Staphylococcus epidermidis. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2010; 310: 97-103.
• 20.
  Pourmand MR, Abdossamadi Z, Salari MH, Hosseini M. Slime layer formation and the prevalence of mecA and aap genes in Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates. J Infect Dev Ctries 2010; 5: 34-40.
• 21.
  Bttner H, Mack D, Rohde H. Structural basis of Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm formation: mechanisms and molecular interactions. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2015; 5.
• 22.
  Decker R, Burdelski C, Zobiak M, Bttner H, Franke G, Christner M, et al. An 18 kDa scaffold protein is critical for staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm formation. PLoS Pathog 2015; 11: e1004735.
• 23.
  Arciola CR, Campoccia D, Ehrlich GD, Montanaro L. Biofilm-based implant infections in orthopaedics. Adv Exp Med Biol 2015; 830: 29-46.
• 24.
  Speziale P, Pietrocola G, Foster TJ, Geoghegan JA. Protein-based biofilm matrices in Staphylococci. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2014; 4: 171.
• 25.
  Lduma I, Traevska T, Brs U, ilevia A. Phenotypic and genetic analysis of biofilm formation by Staphylococcus epidermidis. Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) 2011; 48: 305-309.