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Journal of Semnan University of Medical Sciences

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Cover image of the article: Evaluation of The Type and Severity of Alveolar Bone Loss in Smoking Subjects with Chronic periodontitis

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Outline

https://doi.org/10.69107/koomesh-154113

Evaluation of The Type and Severity of Alveolar Bone Loss in Smoking Subjects with Chronic periodontitis

Authors

Morteza Hosseini1, Azizeh KarimianAzizeh Karimian ORCID2, Amir Reza AhmadiniaAmir Reza Ahmadinia ORCID3,*
1School of Dentistry, Golestan University of Medical Sciences,Gorgan, Iran.
2Dental research center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences. Gorgan, Iran.
3Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
*Corresponding Author: Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran. Email: ar.ahmadinia@gmail.com
Koomesh:Vol. 27, issue 3; e154113
Published online:Jun 02, 2025
Article type:Research Article
How to Cite:Hosseini M, Karimian A, Ahmadinia AR. Evaluation of The Type and Severity of Alveolar Bone Loss in Smoking Subjects with Chronic periodontitis. koomesh. 2025;27(3):e154113. doi: https://doi.org/10.69107/koomesh-154113

Abstract

Background: Smoking is an independent risk factor for periodontal disease, which increases the prevalence and severity of periodontal disease. Recent studies suggest that smoking leads to vertical alveolar bone loss. However, our knowledge in this field is limited.

 

 

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between smoking and the type and severity of alveolar bone loss in periodontitis patients.

 

 

Methods: The study included seventy-two subjects aged 30 to 60 with chronic periodontitis and a pocket depth of ≥ 5 mm. The patients were divided into two groups: smokers and non-smokers. Periodontal clinical parameters were measured, including plaque index, bleeding index, calculus index, periodontal pocket probing depth, and clinical attachment loss. The type and severity of bone loss were investigated and measured through direct observation.

 

 

Results: Thirty-one subjects in the smoking group (88.5%) and 4 people (11.5%) in the non-smoking group had vertical bone loss. Five subjects in the smoking group (13.5%) and 32 subjects (86.5%) in the non-smoking group had horizontal bone loss (P < 0.001). The mean severity of horizontal bone loss in smokers was higher than non-smokers (P < 0.001). The average severity of vertical bone loss in smokers was higher than non-smokers (P < 0.001).

 

 

Conclusion: The role of smoking is supported to be considered a risk factor for the development of vertical alveolar bone defects. Smokers presented with more severe vertical alveolar bone loss as compared to non-smokers.

 

 

Highlights

KeywordsSmokingChronic PeriodontitisInjury Severity ScoreAlveolar Bone Loss

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Copyright

© 2025, Author(s). This open-access article is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0) International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which allows for unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided that the original work is properly cited.

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