Modern Methods to Repair Orthopedic Injuries through Stem Cells Approach in Bone Tissue Engineering

Background: In today’s modern and mechanical world, humans are exposed to a wide range of bone tissue diseases and injuries. Most of these injuries can be treated using conventional medical methods, but some are considered incurable or refractory. These injuries are often those in which large parts of bone tissue have been destroyed and natural body mechanisms are not able to rebuild the damaged tissue. A branch of medical sciences called the regenerative medicine is responsible for treating such injuries. One of the tools of regenerative medicine is the transplantation of bone-like structures made by tissue engineering method.

Results: Bone tissue engineering is benefitted from three main parts including the cell, the scaffold and the growth factor. The use of mesenchymal stem cells as the cell factor in the design of engineering scaffold, has been greatly facilitated the construction process of bone structures and revolutionized the field of bone tissue engineering. Such effects of mesenchymal stem cells are due to their self-renewal ability and high potential to differentiate into bones while not stimulating the immune system. The culture of osteoblasts on porous scaffolds can be a new solution for bone transplantation using the person’s own mesenchymal cells.

Conclusions: In-vivo studies and the obtained clinical results also showed that treating injuries using this strategy is completely reliable. Scientists try to attain modern treatment methods to treat different kinds of skeletal tissue injuries of the body in the near future through developing this strategy and employing new innovations such as the use of nanoparticles or nanostructured scaffolds.