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Hepatitis Monthly
Official Journal of Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases
Obesity and Air Pollution: Global Risk Factors for Pediatric Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Author(s):
Christine Hartoonian, Mojtaba Tabatabai Yazdi, Yong Suk Jang, Lida Langroudi, Parisa Amir Kalvanagh, Babak Negahdari, Ali Karami, Massoumeh Ebtekar, Zargham Sepehrizadeh1,*1Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, IR Iran
*Corresponding Author: Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, IR Iran Email: [email protected]
Published online:Oct 31, 2011
Article type:Review Article
Received:Jun 12, 2011
Accepted:Jul 25, 2011
How to Cite:Hartoonian C, Tabatabai Yazdi M, Jang YS, Langroudi L, Amir Kalvanagh P, et al. Obesity and Air Pollution: Global Risk Factors for Pediatric Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Hepat Mon. 2014;14(3):e14611. doi: https://doi.org/10.5812/hepatmon.14611
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is becoming as an important health problem in the pediatric age group. In addition to the well-documented role of obesity on the fatty changes in liver, there is a growing body of evidence about the role of environmental factors, such as smoking and air pollution, in NAFLD. Given that excess body fat and exposure to air pollutants is accompanied by systemic low-grade inflammation, oxidative stress, as well as alterations in insulin/insulin-like growth factor and insulin resistance, all of which are etiological factors related to NAFLD, an escalating trend in the incidence of pediatric NAFLD can be expected in the near future. This review focuses on the current knowledge regarding the epidemiology, diagnosis and pathogenesis of pediatric NAFLD. The review also highlights the importance of studying the underlying mechanisms of pediatric NAFLD and the need for broadening efforts in prevention and control of the main risk factors. The two main universal risk factors for NAFLD, obesity and air pollution, have broad adverse health effects, and reducing their prevalence will help abate the serious health problems associated with pediatric NAFLD.
© 2011 Kowsar M.P.Co. All rights reserved.
Footnotes
Implication for health policy/practice/research/medical education:It is well recognized that an HCV vaccine can dramatically enhance the public health. Spontaneous resolution of HCV infection in human and chimpanzee models provides a strong rationale basis for the development of preventive/therapeutic vaccines for HCV. Several HCV vaccine trials have revealed the constraints of induction of a robust adaptive immune response following vaccination. The current study was designed to enhance immune responses towards HCV core DNA vaccine using CCL19 chemokine-expressing plasmid as an immuno-adjuvant in a mice model. Such preliminary data might be of relevance for future applications in human HCV vaccine clinical trials.
Authors’ Contribution:Christine Hartoonian: Study concept and design, developing the original idea and the protocol, performing experiments, data analyzing, and manuscript preparation. Lida Langroudi Technical support in large scale DNA preparation and immunoassays, Parisa Amir Kalvanagh Development of protocols, manuscript preparation, Yonh-Suk Jang: Providing the CCL19 cDNA, development of protocols for CCL19 molecular cloning and expression analysis, Massoumeh Ebtekar: Study concept and design, critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content, Mojtaba Tabatabaei Yazdi: Study concept and design, Ali Karami: Study concept and design, Babak Negahdari: technical support in immunoassays, Zargham Sepehrizadeh: Study concept and design, development of the original idea and the protocols, data analyzing of in-vitro experiments, manuscript preparation. Kayhan Azadmanesh: Study concept and design, development of the original idea and the protocols, data analyzing, and critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content.
Financial Disclosure:The authors declared no competing financial interests.
Funding/Support:This project was conducted as a part of fulfillment of PhD degree requirements of Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Biotechnology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Financial support was provided by the above mentioned medical school and partly supported by grants from Pasteur Institute of Iran.
Copyright
© 2014, Author(s). This open-access article is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0) International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which allows for unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided that the original work is properly cited.
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Author(s):
- Christine Hartoonian:[PubMed][Scholar]
- Mojtaba Tabatabai Yazdi:[PubMed][Scholar]
- Yong Suk Jang:[PubMed][Scholar]
- Lida Langroudi:[PubMed][Scholar]
- Parisa Amir Kalvanagh:[PubMed][Scholar]
- Babak Negahdari:[PubMed][Scholar]
- Ali Karami:[PubMed][Scholar]
- Massoumeh Ebtekar:[PubMed][Scholar]
- Zargham Sepehrizadeh:[PubMed][Scholar]
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