Prevalence and Clinical Significance of Hepatitis B Basal Core Promoter and Precore Gene Mutations in Southern Iranian Patients

Background and Aims: To investigate the prevalence and pattern of PC and BCP mutations and their clinical significance in patients with genotype D chronic hepatitis B infection in the Fars province of southern Iran.
Materials and Methods: From January 2007 to March 2008, we evaluated 44 patients with chronic hepatitis B infection who were referred to our hepatology clinics affiliated with the Shiraz University of Medical Science. All Patients were HBeAg Negative and HBeAb positive. Basal core promoter and precore mutations in these patients were evaluated with clinical phenotype and laboratory tests.
Results: The mean age of the patients was 37.21 ± 10.54 years. Twenty-seven patients (61.4%) had no mutations, whereas 17 patients (38.6%) had mutations in the precore or basal core promoter regions or both. The mean serum ALT level in mutation-free patients was 59.74 ± 55.86 IUL, whereas patients with PC and BCP mutations had a mean serum ALT level of 71.35 ± 59.49 IUL. The mean serum AST level in patients with mutations was higher than for patients without mutations (59.53 ± 41.35 IUL vs. 40.65 ± 25.21 IUL, respectively). There was no statistically significant difference between the mutation and mutation-free groups in terms of age, sex, and liver enzyme levels (P > 0.05). Fourteen of the 44 patients (31.8%) had mutations in the precore region (G 1896A). 17 patients (38.6%) had mutations in basal core promoter region.
Conclusion: This study revealed a high prevalence of precore and basal core promoter mutations in southern Iran. Although no statistically significant difference was noted in liver enzymes, patients with mutations had higher liver enzymes in comparison with mutation-free patients.