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e-ISSN 2476-468X
p-ISSN 2476-7174
Prevalence of Coronary Artery Disease and Its Risk Factors in Patients Undergoing Permanent Pacemaker Implantation
Authors
Ashwal Jayaram1, Jerry Iype2, Deeksha Karkera2, M SUDHAKAR RAO1,*, Tom Devasia1, Padmakumar Ramachandran1, Umesh Pai2, Jyothi Samanth2, Ganesh Paramasivam1
1Department of Cardiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal
2Department of Cardiovascular Technology, School of Allied Health Science (SOAHS), Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal
*Corresponding Author: Corresponding author:Assistant Professor, Department of Cardiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal -576104, India. Tel: +91-9902547712, E-mail: Email: msudhakar88@gmail.com
Published online:Jul 19, 2019
Article type:Research Article
Received:Apr 27, 2019
Accepted:Jun 25, 2019
How to Cite:Jayaram A, Iype J, Karkera D, RAO MS, Devasia T, et al. Prevalence of Coronary Artery Disease and Its Risk Factors in Patients Undergoing Permanent Pacemaker Implantation. Int J Cardiovasc Pract. 2019;4(2):e130553. doi: https://doi.org/10.29252/ijcp-25262
Abstract
Introduction: Some pacemaker implanted patients have an atherosclerotic disease which promotes conduction system ischemia and conduction disturbances. The aim of this study was to determine prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD) and its risk factors in patients undergoing permanent pacemaker implantation (PPI).
Methods: This prospective, single-center hospital based study examined patients older than 40 years who required PPI. Presence of atherosclerotic risk factors and CAD was examined.
Results: Of 258 patients undergoing PPI, CAD was present in 50 (19.37 %) patients. CAD was more common among middle age and elderly patients (P = 0.03). Patients older than or equal 76.5 years had specificity of 78.8% for an association with CAD. Multivariate analysis showed that age (odds ratio: 1.042; 95% confidence interval: 1.009–1.075; P = 0.01) and diabetes (odds ratio: 3.437; 95% confidence interval: 1.618–7.303; P = 0.001) had a statistically significant association with CAD. Of 169 patients with involvement of the atrioventricular (AV) node, 28 (16.6 %) had associated left anterior descending artery (LAD) involvement with P = 0.01, suggesting an association between LAD disease and chronic degenerative changes in the AV node.
Conclusion: CAD was present in 19.4% of patients undergoing PPI. Age and diabetes had a strong association with CAD. LAD stenosis was significantly more prevalent in AV nodal/ infra-hisian disease compared with sinus nodal disease
Highlights
Copyright
© 2019, International Journal of Cardiovascular Practice. This open-access article is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 (CC BY-NC 4.0) International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which allows for the copying and redistribution of the material only for noncommercial purposes, provided that the original work is properly cited.
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