Fulltext
Full text is available in the PDF.
IJ Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
IJPBS is the Official Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences
Outlines
Females Are More Anxious Than Males A Metacognitive Perspective
Author(s):
1Department of Counseling, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
2Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, University of Kurdistan, Kurdistan, Iran
*Corresponding Author: Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, University of Kurdistan, Kurdistan, Iran, Tel: +98-918376 3989, Fax: +98-87112389 Email: [email protected]
Published online:Dec 31, 2011
Article type:Research Article
Received:Oct 28, 2010
Accepted:May 10, 2011
How to Cite:Bahrami F, Yousefi N. Females Are More Anxious Than Males A Metacognitive Perspective. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci. 2011;5(2):. doi:
Abstract
Objective: Previous studies have suggested that anxiety disorders are more prevalent among women than men. The purpose of this study was to compare the metacognitive perspective of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) in females with males.
Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted on the high school girls and boys who have been affected by GAD. The sample consisted of 100 high school students (50 boys and 50 girls) selected by Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GADS) and semi-structured interview. They filled the Metacognitive Thought Control Questionnaire (TCQ), and Anxiety Thoughts Inventory (AnTI).
Results: Significant differences were observed between girls and boys in anxiety thoughts (health anxiety, social anxiety, and meta-worry). Anxiety thoughts affect girls more than boys; they have more metacognitive beliefs about uncontrollability of worry and believe that worry must be avoided. On the other hand, positive beliefs in worry are more common in girls and punishment and meta-worry are being implemented as control strategies in girls more than boys.
Conclusion: Metacognitive beliefs in uncontrollability, advantages and avoidance of worry may contribute to the higher prevalence of anxiety in females than males.
Declaration of Interest: None.
Citation: Bahrami F, Yousefi N. Females are more anxious than males: A Metacognitive Perspective. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci 2011; 5(2): 83-90.
References
- 1.References are available in the PDF.
Copyright
© 2011, Author(s). This open-access article is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0) International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which allows for unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided that the original work is properly cited.
Similar Articles
31
Oct
2017
The Effect of Metacognitive Therapy on Cognitive-Attentional Syndrome and Low Cognitive Confidence Among Female Students During 2015 and 2016
Mahnaz Mehrabizadeh Honarm,
Hamideh Abafat,
Seyed Esmaeil Hashemi,
Soodabeh Bassak Nejad
Mehrabizadeh Honarm M, Abafat H, Hashemi SE, Bassak Nejad S. The Effect of Metacognitive Therapy on Cognitive-Attentional Syndrome and Low Cognitive Confidence Among Female Students During 2015 and 2016. Jundishapur J Chronic Dis Care. 2017;6(4):e56042. doi: https://doi.org/10.5812/jjcdc.56042
30
Jun
2015
A Comparative Study of Thought Fusion Beliefs and Thought Control Strategies in Patient with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Major Depressive Disorder and Normal People
Ahmad Amiri Pichakolaei,
Samad Fahimi,
Abbas Bakhshipour Roudsari,
Ali Fakhari,
Ebrahim Akbari,
Masoumeh Rahimkhanli
Amiri Pichakolaei A, Fahimi S, Bakhshipour Roudsari A, Fakhari A, Akbari E, et al. A Comparative Study of Thought Fusion Beliefs and Thought Control Strategies in Patient with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Major Depressive Disorder and Normal People. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci. 2014;8(3):. doi:
31
Dec
2011
Relationship between Self-Efficacy and Symptoms of Anxiety, Depression, Worry and Social Avoidance in a Normal Sample of Students
Karineh Tahmassian,
Niloufar Jalali Moghadam
Tahmassian K, Moghadam NJ. Relationship between Self-Efficacy and Symptoms of Anxiety, Depression, Worry and Social Avoidance in a Normal Sample of Students. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci. 2011;5(2):. doi:
3
Jul
2023
Comparing the Effectiveness of Mode Deactivation Therapy and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Anxiety and Self-concept Clarity in Students with Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Hajar Adelifard,
Moloud Keykhosrovani,
Seyed Asghar Mousavi
Adelifard H, Keykhosrovani M, Mousavi SA. Comparing the Effectiveness of Mode Deactivation Therapy and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Anxiety and Self-concept Clarity in Students with Generalized Anxiety Disorder. J Clin Res Paramed Sci. 2023;12(1):e137291. doi: https://doi.org/10.5812/jcrps-137291
1
Mar
2022
Comparison of depression and its components in primary school children with and without generalized anxiety disorder
Tooraj Sepahvand
Sepahvand T. Comparison of depression and its components in primary school children with and without generalized anxiety disorder. koomesh. 2022;24(1):e154090. doi:
Download PDF100.97 KB
Comments
Number of Comments:0Cited by
- Scopus by DOI: 0
Last Update: 2 weeks ago
- Scopus by Title: 151
Last Update: 2 weeks ago
- Scopus by Title (Ref): 151
Last Update: 2 weeks ago
- CrossRef: 0
Last Update: 15 hours ago
Ordering Reprints
Articles are published under the Creative Commons license stated on each article. No permission or royalty fee is required for uses permitted by that license. CCC handles optional bulk and customized reprint orders. Any quotation covers production and delivery services only, not copyright permission. > Request Reprints from CCC
Search Relations
Related Articles