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Shiraz E-Medical Journal

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https://doi.org/10.5812/semj-166482

Retracted: The Prevalence of Alzheimer’s Disease; its Risk and Protective Factors Among the Elderly Population in Iran [Shiraz E-Med J. 2017; 18 (9): e57576]

Authors

Editor-in-Chief IJPBS1,*
1Internal Medicine, Shiraz Medical School-Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
*Corresponding Author: Internal Medicine, Shiraz Medical School-Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. Email: ijpbs.editor@gmail.com
Shiraz E-Medical Journal:Vol. 26, issue 9; e166482
Published online:Sep 17, 2025
Article type:Retraction
Received:Sep 17, 2025
Accepted:Sep 17, 2025
This retracts the article Retracted: The Prevalence of Alzheimer’s Disease; its Risk and Protective Factors Among the Elderly Population in Iran.
How to Cite:IJPBS E. Retracted: The Prevalence of Alzheimer’s Disease; its Risk and Protective Factors Among the Elderly Population in Iran [Shiraz E-Med J. 2017; 18 (9): e57576]. Shiraz E-Med J. 2025;26(9):e166482. doi: https://doi.org/10.5812/semj-166482

Dear Readers,
The Editorial Board of the Shiraz E-Medical Journal hereby retracts the above-mentioned article (1) following concerns regarding the unauthorized use of copyrighted assessment tools—specifically, the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE).
It was brought to the journal’s attention by PAR Inc., the copyright holder of the MMSE, that the authors did not obtain the required permissions to use these instruments in their research. Upon inquiry, the authors failed to provide documentation confirming authorization or to retroactively secure permission from the copyright holder.
In accordance with the guidelines set forth by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), particularly those related to legal or regulatory breaches involving published data, the editorial team conducted a formal investigation. As a result of insufficient evidence of proper authorization, and to uphold the ethical standards and integrity of the scientific record, this article is hereby retracted.
We thank our readers for their understanding and continued trust.
Prof. Mohammad Hossein Dabbaghmanesh
Editor-in-Chief
Internal Medicine, Shiraz Medical School-Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.

References

  • 1.
    Gholamzadeh S, Heshmati B, Mani A, Petramfar P, Baghery Z. The Prevalence of Alzheimer’s Disease; its Risk and Protective Factors Among the Elderly Population in Iran. Shiraz E-Med J. 2017;18(9). https://doi.org/10.5812/semj.57576.

Copyright

Copyright © 2025, IJPBS. This open-access article is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0) International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which allows for unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided that the original work is properly cited.

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