Abstract
Chronic heart failure is a clinical syndrome and the final common pathway of different cardiac diseases. A rising
incidence is reported all over the world, leading to enormous cost and spending of health care resources.
Although medical therapy with beta blockers, ACE-inhibitors and spironolactone has proved to be efficacious,
mortality remains high. Therefore the introduction of supplemental methods is very welcome and indeed, electrical
therapies with implanted devices become increasingly important in this regard. Besides the implanted
cardioverter defibrillator (ICD), cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT) has recently been shown not only to
improve exercise tolerance, but also to prolong survival in patients with heart failure and cardiac asynchrony.
Therefore, an overview of cardiac resynchronisation therapy, including additional CRT-ICD capabilities, is
given herein according the literature. This includes current guidelines, our own implantation experience, and
follow-up data of 500 patients during 1999 – 2007.
incidence is reported all over the world, leading to enormous cost and spending of health care resources.
Although medical therapy with beta blockers, ACE-inhibitors and spironolactone has proved to be efficacious,
mortality remains high. Therefore the introduction of supplemental methods is very welcome and indeed, electrical
therapies with implanted devices become increasingly important in this regard. Besides the implanted
cardioverter defibrillator (ICD), cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT) has recently been shown not only to
improve exercise tolerance, but also to prolong survival in patients with heart failure and cardiac asynchrony.
Therefore, an overview of cardiac resynchronisation therapy, including additional CRT-ICD capabilities, is
given herein according the literature. This includes current guidelines, our own implantation experience, and
follow-up data of 500 patients during 1999 – 2007.
Keywords
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Copyright
© 2018, Author(s). This open-access article is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0) International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which allows for unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided that the original work is properly cited.