Toll-Like Receptor 4 in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Good Time to Target?

Author(s):
Bahador BagheriBahador BagheriBahador Bagheri ORCID1,*, Sara SalarianSara SalarianSara Salarian ORCID2
1Semnan University of Medical Sciences
2Anesthesiology Research Center, Mofid Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
*Corresponding Author: Semnan University of Medical Sciences Email: [email protected]

Journal of Cellular & Molecular Anesthesia:Vol. 5, issue 4; e149659
Published online:Oct 17, 2020
Article type:Review
How to Cite:Bagheri B, Salarian S. Toll-Like Receptor 4 in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Good Time to Target?. J Cell Mol Anesth. 2020;5(4):e149659. doi: https://doi.org/10.22037/jcma.v5i4.32430

Abstract

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is considered a major cause of death in the world. ARDS is defined by life-threatening pulmonary edema and hypoxemia with a mortality rate of up to 40%. Recent advances in understating cellular aspects of the syndrome have shed light on possible new treatments and reduction of mortality. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) involved in adaptive and innate immunity. They are present in the alveoli and their activation can lead to inflammatory responses and finally acute lung injury. Among them, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is abundantly available on the epithelial cells of the alveoli and also on resident monocytes. TLR4 is one of the players that can promote alveolar damages during ARDS. Here, we focus on the TLR4 role in ARDS pathophysiology. We also present the potential therapies for the syndrome based on TLR4 inhibition.

References

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Copyright

© 2020, Author(s). This open-access article is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0) International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which allows for unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided that the original work is properly cited.

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