Impact of Smoking on the Mortality of Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19, Iran: A Cross-sectional Study

Sima Hashemipour; marayam gheraati; Milad  Badri; Nafiseh Rastgoo; Aref Shokri; Sohrab Esmaeil Zadeh; Khadijeh Esmaielzade

Journal of Inflammatory Diseases

The Official Journal of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences

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Impact of Smoking on the Mortality of Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19, Iran: A Cross-sectional Study

Author(s):

Sima Hashemipour¹,

marayam gheraati^1,*,

Milad Badri ²,

Nafiseh Rastgoo

¹,

Aref Shokri¹,

Sohrab Esmaeil Zadeh

¹,

Khadijeh Esmaielzade¹

1Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.

2Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.

Journal of Inflammatory Diseases:Vol. 25, issue 2; 61-68

Published online:Sep 30, 2021

Article type:Research Article

How to Cite:Hashemipour S, gheraati M, Badri M, Rastgoo N, Shokri A, et al. Impact of Smoking on the Mortality of Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19, Iran: A Cross-sectional Study. J Inflamm Dis. 2024;25(2):e156277. doi:

Abstract

Background: There are inconsistent data about the association of smoking with the prognosis of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. This inconsistency is so huge that some investigators have suggested some protective roles for smoking against COVID-19 disease. Objective: This study was designed to investigate the association of smoking with mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 493 adult patients with COVID-19 disease. Other underlying diseases, clinical and laboratory findings, and mortality rates were compared between smoking and non-smoking patients using univariate and multivariate analyses. Results: The prevalence of current smoking among hospitalized patients was 6.1%. Clinical complaints and disease severity at admission were similar between smokers and non-smokers. Leukocyte count and blood sugar were higher in smokers compared to non-smokers (P=0.003, P=0.018, respectively). The rate of ICU admission and days of hospitalization were comparable between smokers and non-smokers. However, smokers had a significantly higher mortality rate than non-smokers (36.7% vs 13.8%, respectively, P=0.001). After adjusting for significantly different variables in univariate analysis, smoking was associated with a 3.78 times higher mortality rate (OR=3.78, 95% CI: 1.48-9.67, P=0.005). Conclusion: Smoking is an independent predictor of mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19.

Keywords

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Author(s):

Sima Hashemipour:[PubMed][Scholar]
marayam gheraati:[PubMed][Scholar]
Milad Badri :[PubMed][Scholar]
Nafiseh Rastgoo:[PubMed][Scholar]
Aref Shokri:[PubMed][Scholar]
Sohrab Esmaeil Zadeh:[PubMed][Scholar]
Khadijeh Esmaielzade:[PubMed][Scholar]

The Official Journal of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences

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Impact of Smoking on the Mortality of Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19, Iran: A Cross-sectional Study

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