Effect of Functional Strength Training on Gait Kinematics, Muscle Strength and Static Balance of Young Adults with Down Syndrome

Background: Atypical gait pattern is one of the most important motor impairments in individuals with Down syndrome.
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of functional strength training on gait kinematics, isokinetic peak torque, and static balance of adults with Down syndrome.
Methods: Thirteen men with Down syndrome from the Iran Down Syndrome Association participated in this study. The kinematics variable, isokinetic peak torque, and static balance were assessed by motion analysis, isokinetic dynamometer, and Standing Stork Test respectively before and after completing the training study. All subjects were allocated to experimental (Mage = 28.75±6.1; n = 7) and control (Mage = 30±8.5; n = 6) groups according to their desire to participate, or not, in the training program. The exercise protocol consisted of 6-week functional strength training (treadmill walking and step up/down training) for the experimental group. One-Way ANCOVA Independent test was employed for data analysis.
Results: The results revealed that the functional strength training improved step length, walking velocity, ankle and knee ROMs (range of motion in the sagittal plane), isokinetic peak torque of lower extremities, and static balance. However, no significant difference occurred in step width and hip ROMs.
Conclusion: These findings reinforce previous research showing that task-oriented training with respect to the principle of specificity of training promotes movement patterns in individuals with Down syndrome.