Pathologic Findings in Neonatal Brain Ultrasound

Both logistical and clinical factors make the imaging of newborn infants a challenging task. While many neonatal organ systems are amenable to sonographic evaluation, brain imaging is a particularly attractive application. Premature neonates are especially at risk for intracranial problems, and it is important for the radiologist to have a thorough knowledge of the normal anatomy and sonographic appearance of the neonatal brain, standard exam, transducers and Doppler evaluation of the brain. Not only is the neonatal head uniquely configured to facilitate ultrasound scanning through fontanelles, but the most common clinical indications for head imaging, such as hemorrhage, hydrocephaly or congenital anomalies, are readily evaluated. Thus, cross-sectional modalities such as CT or MRI that require cooperation for optimal image quality are difficult to apply. Even low-dose ionizing radiation is potentially harmful for neonates, particularly when serial exams are required. Transportation of sick newborns to an imaging suite is often very difficult, if not impossible. Tips For Cranial Ultrasound Examination are: Confirm suspected abnormality in the sagittal plane, symmetric echogenic areas are usually abnormal, evaluate the subarachnoid space and fissures, asymmetry in ventricular size can be normal, occipital flare is a normal finding, slit-like ventricles in the absence of other changes can be normal.

-The major role of US

-Advantages and disadvantages of US

-Standard Examination and Transducer

-The optimal time of scanning

-The normal brain sonography

-Reliable measurements

-Normal variants including: Cavum septum pellucidi, Cavum vergae

-And some common pathologic conditions