Explaining the tribulations of life with implantable cardioverter-defibrillator: A qualitative study

Introduction: Although implantable cardioverter-defibrillator is the most effective way to control dysrhythmias and heart disorders, but patients experience tribulations with this device. The aim of this study was explaining the tribulations of life with implantable cardioverter-defibrillator. 

Methods: A qualitative approach of Interpretative phenomenology was performed for this study. The statistical population consisted of patients referred to the heart clinic of Imam Khomeini in Tehran. Purposive sampling was used to select the samples. The sample size was determined using the law of sampling adequacy. The data of 130 participants were collected through semi-structured interviews. For the interpretation of data the pattern of six basic steps (van Manen) was used along with data collection.

Results: Three themes emerged from the data interpretation. These themes including: physical tribulations (Restriction of movement, pain caused by the discharge of electric shock, the loss of self-control), psychological tribulations (living with fear, uncertainty about the future, faced with death during shock, waiting for the shock), and tribulations to the device (fear of system failure, system costs, limitations of the machine).

Conclusion: The results of this study showed that patients with implantable defibrillators experience physical and psychological tribulations. These experiences affect all aspects of their life. Therefore, appropriate planning for these patients performed to profit from treatment and counseling services.