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Retracted Article: Bioinformatic Analysis of Codon Usage and Phylogenetic Relationships in Different Genotypes of the Hepatitis C Virus

Author(s):
Mojtaba MortazaviMojtaba Mortazavi1, Mohammad ZarenezhadMohammad Zarenezhad2, 3, Seyed Moayed AlavianSeyed Moayed AlavianSeyed Moayed Alavian ORCID4, Saeed GholamzadehSaeed Gholamzadeh3,*, Abdorrasoul MalekpourAbdorrasoul Malekpour3,**, Mohammad GhorbaniMohammad Ghorbani5, Masoud Torkzadeh MahaniMasoud Torkzadeh Mahani1, Safa LotfiSafa Lotfi1, Ali FakhrzadAli Fakhrzad2
1Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Science, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, IR Iran
2Gastroentrohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
3Legal Medicine Research Center, Legal Medicine Organization of Iran, Tehran, IR Iran
4Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
5Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, IR Iran
Corresponding Authors:


Hepatitis Monthly:Vol. 16, issue 10; e39196
Published online:Sep 10, 2016
Article type:Research Article
Received:May 14, 2016
Accepted:Aug 31, 2016
How to Cite:Mojtaba MortazaviMohammad ZarenezhadSeyed Moayed AlavianSaeed GholamzadehAbdorrasoul MalekpourMohammad GhorbaniMasoud Torkzadeh MahaniSafa LotfiAli Fakhrzadet al.Retracted Article: Bioinformatic Analysis of Codon Usage and Phylogenetic Relationships in Different Genotypes of the Hepatitis C Virus.Hepat Mon.16(10):e39196.https://doi.org/10.5812/hepatmon.39196.

Abstract

Background:

The hepatitis C virus (HCV) has six major genotypes. The purpose of this study was to phylogenetically investigate the differences between the genotypes of HCV, and to determine the types of amino acid codon usage in the structure of the virus in order to discover new methods for treatment regimes.

Methods:

The codon usage of the six genotypes of the HCV nucleotide sequence was investigated through the online application available on the website Gene Infinity. Also, phylogenetic analysis and the evolutionary relationship of HCV genotypes were analyzed with MEGA 7 software.

Results:

The six genotypes of HCV were divided into two groups based on their codon usage properties. In the first group, genotypes 1 and 5 (74.02%), and in the second group, genotypes 2 and 6 (72.43%) were shown to have the most similarity in terms of codon usage. Unlike the results with respect to determining the similarity of codon usage, the phylogenetic analysis showed the closest resemblance and correlation between genotypes 1 and 4. The results also showed that HCV has a GC (guanine-cytosine) abundant genome structure and prefers codons with GC for translation.

Conclusions:

Genotypes 1 and 4 demonstrated remarkable similarity in terms of genome sequences and proteins, but surprisingly, in terms of the preferred codons for gene expression, they showed the greatest difference. More studies are therefore needed to confirm the results and select the best approach for treatment of these genotypes based on their codon usage properties.

This article has been retracted at the request of the EIC.

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