Hepatitis Monthly
Several risk factors play the role in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) from which chronic hepatitis B and C infections are the most important ones. DNA integration of hepatitis viruses alters the function of critical genes promoting malignant transformation of virus-infected liver cells.
There are remarkable geographic differences in prevalence of chronic viral hepatitis and incidence of HCC. Middle Eastern countries are characterized by a moderate to high prevalence rate of chronic viral hepatitis in the population. This review discusses about epidemiologic findings of hepatitis B and C infections, and HCC, as well as focuses on Middle East countries, particularly Iran. We provide an overview about risk factors, prevention and treatment, and bring up the role of HCC induced by chronic viral hepatitis.
Vaccination against hepatitis B virus (HBV) in the early childhood is highly effective to lower infection rates, substantially. For hepatitis C, adequate hygiene when dealing with human blood and screening programs for blood donors can mainly reduce infection rates. As HCC is strongly associated with chronic viral hepatitis, prevention against the infection is crucial for preventing against HCC too.
Although prevention and treatment of chronic hepatitis B and C have improved within the last decades even in high-risk countries, effective and sustainable reduction of these infections still needs more actions.
© 2012, Author(s). This open-access article is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0) International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which allows for unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided that the original work is properly cited.
Zidan A, Scheuerlein H, Schle S, Settmacher U, Rauchfuss F. Epidemiological Pattern of Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C as Etiological Agents for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Iran and Worldwide. Hepat Mon. 2012;12(10):6894. doi: https://doi.org/10.5812/hepatmon.6894
Alavian SM, Haghbin H. Relative Importance of Hepatitis B and C Viruses in Hepatocellular Carcinoma in EMRO Countries and the Middle East: A Systematic Review. Hepat Mon. 2016;16(3):e35106. doi: https://doi.org/10.5812/hepatmon.35106
Kabir A. Search in the Literature for Viral Hepatitis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Iran. Hepat Mon. 2013;13(4):e9172. doi: https://doi.org/10.5812/hepatmon.9172
Jamali R. Epidemiologic Studies on Viral Hepatitis: A Short Review. Thrita J Neu. 2014;3(1):e15376. doi: https://doi.org/10.5812/thrita.15376
Alavian S, Fallahian F. Epidemiology of Hepatitis C in Iran and the World.. Shiraz E-Med J. 2009;10(4):. doi:
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