Significant Effect of Raloxifene on Bone in Hemodialysis Patients

authors:

avatar Pernille Ravn 1 , *

Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Gynecologic Endocrinology Unit, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark
International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism: Vol.10, issue 4; 636-637
published online: September 29, 2012
article type: Letter
received: May 8, 2012
revised: May 10, 2012
accepted: May 12, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5812/ijem.6251

how to cite: Ravn P. Significant Effect of Raloxifene on Bone in Hemodialysis Patients. Int J Endocrinol Metab. 2012;10(4): 636-637. https://doi.org/10.5812/ijem.6251.

Dear Editor,

Attention should be drawn to the study by colleagues Saito O et al. published in the International journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism (1). The study suggests that raloxifene has a significant beneficial effect on bone in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes (2DM) undergoing hemodialysis (1). Hemodialysis patients are known to have a high risk of low bone mineral density and bone fractures (2). Furthermore, patients with 2DM are at high risk of bone fracture even if their BMD is normal or high, a phenomenon which might be explained by poor bone quality (3). Patients with 2DM and a need for hemodialysis at thus at specific risk, and it is thus highly relevant to search for new treatments that protect bone mass in this group of patients. Raloxifene is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) used in the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis (4). The present study by Saito O et al. is the first report of raloxifene for hemodialysis patients with 2DM using the same regimen as recommended for prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis (3). The 1-year study included 60 postmenopausal women, 30 women with 2DM and 30 women without 2DM. The mean age was 66 years and the mean time since the start of hemodialysis was 5 years. The women were randomized to raloxifene 60 mg per day or no treatment securing a comparable number of patients in each of the 4 groups: plus minus raloxifene treatment, plus minus 2DM. Irrespective of whether the women had 2DM or not, the marker of bone resorption, N-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type I collagen, NTx, a widely accepted marker of bone resorption (5), decreased by 13-20% whereas NTX increased by 2-3 % in the control groups receiving no raloxifene treatment. This corresponded to an increase of 0.5-1 % in heel speed of sound (SOS), a marker correlated with bone mineral density (BMD) (6), whereas SOS decreased by 0.8 % in the control group. The study thus indicates a uniform suppression of the increased bone resorption observed in hemodialysis patients (2). Although the study was only one year of duration the results are significant. The incidence of side effects was low, an aspect which is specifically important to this vulnerable group of patients. The effect of raloxifene was comparable to the effect seen in otherwise healthy postmenopausal women (3) suggesting a beneficial effect of raloxifene on bone regardless of the presence of 2DM or need for hemodialysis. Other studies have shown that a reduction in bone resorption and an increase in BMD are associated with a protection against fractures (5, 6). As the fracture rate was not obtained in this short-term study, this aspect, however, remains to be investigated in longer-term studies.

References

  • 1.

    Saito O, Saito T, Asakura S, Akimoto T, Inoue M, Ando Y, et al. Effects of Raloxifene on Bone Metabolism in Hemodialysis Patients With Type 2 Diabetes. Int J Endocrinol Metab. 2012;10(2):464-9. https://doi.org/10.5812/ijem.3794.

  • 2.

    Fusaro M, D'Angelo A, Scalzo G, Gallieni M, Giannini S, Guglielmi G. Vertebral fractures in dialysis: Endocrinological disruption of the bone-kidney axis. J Endocrinol Invest. 2010;33(5):347-52. [PubMed ID: 20534970].

  • 3.

    Adami S. Bone health in diabetes: considerations for clinical management. Curr Med Res Opin. 2009;25(5):1057-72. [PubMed ID: 19292601]. https://doi.org/10.1185/03007990902801147.

  • 4.

    Kanis JA, Johansson H, Oden A, McCloskey EV. A meta-analysis of the efficacy of raloxifene on all clinical and vertebral fractures and its dependency on FRAX. Bone. 2010;47(4):729-35. [PubMed ID: 20601292]. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2010.06.009.

  • 5.

    Garnero P. Biomarkers for osteoporosis management: utility in diagnosis, fracture risk prediction and therapy monitoring. Mol Diagn Ther. 2008;12(3):157-70. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03256280.

  • 6.

    Boonen S, Nicholson P. Assessment of femoral bone fragility and fracture risk by ultrasonic measurements at the calcaneus. Age Ageing. 1998;27(2):231-7. [PubMed ID: 16296685]. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/27.2.231.