Hyperglycemic Crises in Diabetic Patients

GR Omrani; M Shams; M Atkhamizadeh; AE Kitabc

International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism

Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences

Current Issue All Issues In Press Search

Journal Information Boards and Committees Indexing and Listing Sources Journal Metrics Open Peer Review (OPR)Publication Ethics and Malpractice Statement Contact Us Support Reviewer and AE Registration Form

APC

Authors Guide Submit Manuscript

Hyperglycemic Crises in Diabetic Patients

Author(s):

GR Omrani^1,*,

M Shams²,

M Atkhamizadeh²,

AE Kitabc³

1Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center, Namazi Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, hormone@sums.ac.ir, IR.lran

2Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center, Namazi Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, IR.lran

International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism:Vol. 3, issue 1; 52-61

Article type:Review Article

Received:Jan 01, 2004

Accepted:Feb 01, 2005

How to Cite:GR OmraniM ShamsM AtkhamizadehAE KitabcHyperglycemic Crises in Diabetic Patients.Int J Endocrinol Metab.3(1):52-61.

Abstract

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hy perosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) are two important causes of mortality and morbidity in patients with diabetes. Mortality rates are <5% in DKA and about 15% in HHS, much of which are avoidable with appropriate management. The prognosis is worsened with aging, hypotension, coma and concomitant life-threatening illnesses. The criteria for DKA and HHS are somewhat arbitrary, although glucose level is higher and ketone body level is minimal in HHS, they are two extremes in a spectrum of diabetic metabolic decompensation. In general, DKA occurs in type 1 and most often HHS occurs in type 2 diabetes; however, each type of diabetes may be associated with DKA or HHS. Both conditions are associated with marked dehydration, electrolyte disturbances and insulin deficiency and increased counter-regulatory hormones, so treatment consists of water and electrolyte replacement and insulin administration. Recognition and treatment of precipitating factors and frequent monitoring of patients are considered the most crucial aspects of the management.

Keywords

Diabetes

Diabetic ketoacidosis

hyperglycemic state

Nonketotic coma

Hyperosmolar states

Diabetes complications

Full Text

Full text is available in PDF

comments