Optimal Iodine Nutrition during Pregnancy, Lactation and the Neonatal Period

authors:

avatar Delange F 1 , *

International Council for Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders (ICCIDD), fdelange@ulb.ac.be, Belgium
International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism: Vol.2, issue 1; 1-12
article type: Review Article
received: January 1, 2003
accepted: January 25, 2004

how to cite: F D. Optimal Iodine Nutrition during Pregnancy, Lactation and the Neonatal Period. Int J Endocrinol Metab. 2004;2(1): 1-12. 

Abstract

Iodine of maternal origin is required for brain development of the progeny during fetal and early postnatal life. Therefore, the iodine requirements of the mother are increased during pregnancy and lactation. This paper reevaluates the iodine requirements during pregnancy, lactation and the neonatal period and formulates original proposals for the median concentrations of urinary iodine indicating optimal iodine nutrition during these three critical periods of life. Based on an extensive and critical review of the literature on thyroid physiopathology during the perinatal period, the following proposals are made: the iodine requirements are 250-300 ug/day during pregnancy, 225-350 ug/day during lactation and 90 ug/day during the neonatal period. The median urinary iodine indicating optimal iodine nutrition during hese three periods should be in the range 150-230 ug/L, These figures are higher than those recommended so far by international agencies.

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