The Association between PAI-1 Gene Promoter Polymorphism and Serum Serpin E1, MDA, and Hs-CRP Levels in Coronary Artery Disease

Background:
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is caused by atherosclerosis. Studies have shown that a number of factors, including cellular binding molecules such as Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), lipid peroxidation, inflammation, and hemostasis, are closely related to development and progression of CAD.
Objectives:
The present case-control study aimed to evaluate the association between Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) 4G/5G polymorphism and oxidative stress markers and Coronary Artery Disease (CAD).
Patients and Methods:
Blood was drawn and DNA was extracted from 90 subjects (46 patients with angiographically diagnosed CAD and 44 age- and sex-matched healthy controls). The 4G/5G polymorphism of PAI-1 was detected by Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis. Besides, the risk factors, serpin E1, Malondialdehyde (MDA), high-sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hs-CRP), and lipid profile serum levels were measured by standard methods and were compared between the two study groups using independent samples t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Mann-Whitney U test as appropriated.
Results:
Results: The frequency of 4G/4G genotype of PAI-1 gene was higher in the CAD patients than in the controls (28/46 (60.87%) vs. 8/44 (18.18%), P < 0.01). Additionally, the serpin E1 plasma level was significantly higher in the CAD group carrying the 4G allele compared to those homozygous for the 5G allele (P = 0.016). Besides, a significant difference was found between the 4G/4G and 5G/5G subjects of the CAD group regarding plasma High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) (P < 0.01). Also, significant differences were observed among the three genotypes of both groups concerning the plasma levels of cholesterol, triglyceride, and Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL). However, no significant correlation was found between PAI-1 gene polymorphism and MDA serum level, hs-CRP, and risk of CAD.
Conclusion:
The findings of this study suggested that 4G/4G PAI-1 polymorphism was associated with cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, and HDL levels and could be regarded as a biomarker for risk of CAD.