Gender Modifies the Effects of Education and Income on Sleep Quality of the Patients with Coronary Artery Disease

Shervin Assari; Maryam  Moghani Lankarani; Davoud  Kazemi Saleh; Khodabakhsh  Ahmadi

International Cardiovascular Research Journal

The Official Annually Journal of Cardiovascular Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences

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Gender Modifies the Effects of Education and Income on Sleep Quality of the Patients with Coronary Artery Disease

Author(s):

Shervin Assari^1,*,

Maryam Moghani Lankarani²,

Davoud Kazemi Saleh³,

Khodabakhsh Ahmadi⁴

1Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States

2Medicine and Health Promotion Institute, Tehran, Iran

3Clinical Research Unit, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

4Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

International Cardiovascular Research Journal:Vol. 7, issue 4; e12397

Published online:Dec 31, 2013

Article type:Research Article

Received:May 01, 2017

Accepted:Nov 09, 2013

How to Cite:Shervin AssariMaryam Moghani LankaraniDavoud Kazemi SalehKhodabakhsh AhmadiGender Modifies the Effects of Education and Income on Sleep Quality of the Patients with Coronary Artery Disease.Int Cardiovasc Res J.7(4):e12397.

Abstract

Background: This study aimed to investigate the interaction between gender and other socio-economic characteristics on sleep quality of the patients with Coronary Artery Disease (CAD).

Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted on 717 patients with CAD. The socio- economic status (education level, income, marital status, and place of residence) was considered as the independent variable. Besides, the study outcome was the quality of sleep which was measured using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Gender was considered as a possible effect modifier. Two-way ANOVA was used to evaluate the interaction between gender and socio-economic factors on sleep quality. As defined by Baron and Kenny, moderator was defined as a variable that affected the direction or magnitude of the association of interest.

Results: Female gender, low education level, and low income were predictive of poor sleep quality. Among female (10.0 ± 4.3 vs. 7.6 ± 5.0, P < 0.05), but not male patients (6.7 ± 4.2 vs. 7.0 ± 4.2, P > 0.05), low education was associated with poor sleep quality. Also, among female (10.0 ± 4.3 vs. 5.7 ± 2.5, P < 0.05), but not male patients (7.0 ± 4.2 vs. 6.0 ± 3.8, P > 0.05), low income was predictive of poor sleep quality. Gender did not modify the effect of other socio-economic factors on sleep quality.

Conclusions: Among female but not male patients with CAD, low education and income were associated with poor sleep quality. This information helps us better understand the mechanisms behind the poor sleep quality of the female patients with CAD. This is important because poor sleep is a prognostic factor among the CAD patients.

Keywords

Coronary Artery Disease

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