Abstract
Background: Drug addiction is a destructive misfortune that leads to recession in all fields. Accordingly, proper treatment of addiction is of great importance. Objective: To evaluate the efficiency of TENS and ICWS on reduction of withdrawal syndrome signs of morphine. Methods: Four groups of Spruge-Dawley type rats were depended with morphine subcutaneously in a standard condition. After dependency, the first group was considered as the control, the second and third group were affected with high frequency of TENS and ICWS respectively and the forth group was affected by ICWS and TENS together. In all groups naloxone was injected in the peritoneum and the withdrawal syndrome signs of morphine were studied. Statistical analysis were done by ANOVA, LSD, Kruskal-Walis and Mann-Whitney. Findings: TENS was very effective in reduction of jumping and climbing and also ICWS was very effective in reduction of petosis and rearing (P<0.05). The interacted effect of TENS and ICWS did not reduce some of the signs for example jumping, rearing, petosis and climbing. On the contrary, diarrhea, weight loss, yamning, abnormal posture and facial fasciculation were reducted significantly. Conclusion: The interacted effect of TENS & ICWS reduced only few signs and each method could reduce the signs separately. More studies on human mechanism is suggested.
Keywords
: Withdrawal syndrome signs Transcutaneous electerical nerve stimulation (TENS) Intermitent cold water stress (ICWS) Naloxone
Copyright
© 2024, Journal of Inflammatory Diseases. This open-access article is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 (CC BY-NC 4.0) International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which allows for the copying and redistribution of the material only for noncommercial purposes, provided that the original work is properly cited.