The Role of Mammalian Target of Rapamycine Signaling Pathway in Central Nervous System Cancers: A Review

authors:

avatar Forough Alemi Serej 1 , avatar Hosein Aliyari Serej 2 , avatar Abbas Ebrahimi Kalan 3 , * , avatar Ahmad Mehdipour 4 , avatar Zeynab Aliyari Serej 5 , avatar Balal Bravan 6 , avatar Mohammad Reza Shiri-Shahsavar 7

Department of Veterinary, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University of Tabriz. Tabriz, Iran.
Department of Neurosciences and Cognition, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Department of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran.
Department of Nutrition, School of Health, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
Journal of Inflammatory Diseases: Vol.24, issue 5; 472-485
article type: issue_documents_importer

how to cite: Alemi Serej F, Aliyari Serej H, Ebrahimi Kalan A, Mehdipour A, Aliyari Serej Z, et al. The Role of Mammalian Target of Rapamycine Signaling Pathway in Central Nervous System Cancers: A Review. J Inflamm Dis. 2020;24(5):e156247. 

Abstract

Mammalian mechanistic target of rapamycine (mTOR) is a conserved serine/threonine kinase in the cellular PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. This pathway is modified by cellular alterations such as level of energy, growth factors, stresses, as well as the increased environmental level of cancerous cytokines. In general, increase of this kinase protein function is seen in various types of cancers, especially in cancer stem-like cell.  Additionally, activation of this pathway in the most common malignant central nervous system cancers such as glioblastoma, medulloblastomas and tuberous sclerosis complex is under investigation. Recent studies have shown the relationship between different cellular signaling pathways and genetic mutations, that involved in the cancer of CNS, with mTOR pathway. Based on previous studies, different treatments like surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, aren’t more effective and have some side-effects. Therefore, the researchers are trying to find better ways to treat cancer. One approach to this aim is about the essence of understanding all of molecular pathways, proteins and mutations involved in cancers. This study tries to analysis some of the unknown molecular pathways on mentioned cancerous cells and interaction among this pathway with mTOR kinase protein.

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