Assessment of Propolis Supplementation on Serum Concentrations of Liver Enzymes in Endurance Athletes with Four Weeks Aerobic Training

authors:

avatar Mojtaba Mahdavi Asiabar 1 , avatar Mokhtar Nasiri Farsani 2 , avatar Nematollah Gheibi ORCID 3 , *

Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Allameh Ghazvini Nonprofit Higher Education Institute, Qazvin, Iran
Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran.
Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
Journal of Inflammatory Diseases: Vol.25, issue 1; 25-30
article type: issue_documents_importer

How To Cite Mahdavi Asiabar M, Nasiri Farsani M, Gheibi N. Assessment of Propolis Supplementation on Serum Concentrations of Liver Enzymes in Endurance Athletes with Four Weeks Aerobic Training. J Inflamm Dis. 2021;25(1):e156262. 

Abstract

Background: Aerobic and intense exercises with an increase in free radicals cause damages at the cellular level, heart disease, cancer, and the development of aging processes, which one of its symptoms is increased serum concentrations of liver enzymes. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the concurrent effect of four weeks of aerobic training and propolis supplementation on the activity of liver enzymes, including ALT, AST, and SOD in endurance athletes. Methods: Thirty-two male athletes (age: 21±1.4 years) in track and field were randomly divided into three groups: exercise group, exercise with placebo group, and exercise with supplement group. Propolis supplementation was taken as two tablets (500 mg) twice a day and aerobic exercise was performed for 4 weeks and in 24 sessions with an intensity of 60 to 65% of heart rate. The statistical method was done using one-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test by SPSS v. 18 software. Findings: The results showed that there was a statistically significant difference between groups in serum levels of SOD, AST, and ALT (P0.05). Conclusion: The results showed that aerobic exercise alone can increase SOD levels and propolis supplementation with aerobic exercise can reduce AST and ALT serum levels and lead to improved liver cell function.

References

  • 1.

    Sies H, Jones DP. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) as pleiotropic physiological signalling agents. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2020; 21(7):363-83. [DOI:10.1038/s41580-020-0230-3] [PMID].

  • 2.

    Hlavati M, Tomi S, Buljan K, Buljanovi V, Feldi I, Butkovi-Soldo S. Total antioxidant status in stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2020; 15:2411. [DOI:10.2147/COPD.S264944] [PMID] [PMCID].

  • 3.

    Salmaninejad A, Kangari P, Shakoori A. [Oxidative stress: development and progression of breast cancer (Persian)]. Tehran Univ Med J. 2017; 75(1):1-9. http://tumj.tums.ac.ir/article-1-7986-en.html.

  • 4.

    Nikolaidis MG, Kyparos A, Hadziioannou M, Panou N, Samaras L, Jamurtas AZ, et al. Acute exercise markedly increases blood oxidative stress in boys and girls. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2007; 32(2):2197-205. [DOI:10.1139/h06-097] [PMID].

  • 5.

    Khosravi S, Tadibi V, Sheikholeslami-Vatani D. [The acute effect of green tea supplementation on oxidative and antioxidant indices after resistance exercise at moderate and high intensities in trained wrestler men (Persian)]. JPSBS. 2019; 7(14):141-52. https://jpsbs.birjand.ac.ir/article_1110_0c301e54889144013baade88789dca3c.pdf?lang=en.

  • 6.

    Weigand K, Riediger C, Stremmel W, Flechtenmacher C, Encke J. Are heat stroke and physical exhaustion underestimated causes of acute hepatic failure? World J Gastroenterol. 2007; 13(2):306-9. [DOI:10.3748/wjg.v13.i2.306] [PMID] [PMCID].

  • 7.

    Hesar Koushki M, Mollanovruzi A, Rashidlamir A. The effect of wrestling exercise in morning and after the effect of wrestling exercise in morning and afternoon on some hematological indices. Int J Appl Exerc Physiol. 2013; 2(1):11-7. [In Persian] https://journaldatabase.info/articles/effect_wrestling_exercise_morning.html.

  • 8.

    Barzegarzadeh-Zarandi H, Dabidy-Roshan V. Changes in some liver enzymes and blood lipid level following interval and continuous regular aerobic training in old rats. J Shahrekord Uun Med Sci. 2012; 14(5):13-23. http://eprints.skums.ac.ir/3860/1/32.pdf.

  • 9.

    Kaynar , ztrk N, Kiyici F, Baygutalp NK, Bakan E. The effects of short-term intensive exercise on levels of liver enzymes and serum lipids in kick boxing athletes. Dicle Tip Dergisi. 2016; 43(1):130. [DOI:10.5798/diclemedj.0921.2016.01.0652].

  • 10.

    Demir H, Acik L, Bali EB, Ko LY, Kaynak G. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Solidago virgaurea extracts. Afr J Biotechnol.2009; 8(2). https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ajb/article/view/59785.

  • 11.

    Anjum SI, Ullah A, Khan KA, Attaullah M, Khan H, Ali H, et al. Composition and functional properties of propolis (bee glue): A review. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences. 2019; 26(7):1695-703. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Composition-and-functional-properties-of-propolis-A-Anjum-Ullah/1f82740518faa123fe372e27079e8ecea35bae3b.

  • 12.

    Campos JF, dos Santos UP, Macorini LFB, de Melo AMMF, Balestieri JBP, Paredes-Gamero EJ, et al. Antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of propels from Melipona orbignyi (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Food Chem Toxicol. 2014; 65:374-80. [DOI:10.1016/j.fct.2014.01.008] [PMID].

  • 13.

    Fuliang H, Hepburn H, Xuan H, Chen M, Daya S, Radloff S. Effects of propels on blood glucose, blood lipid and free radicals in rats with diabetes mellitus. Pharmacol Res. 2005; 51(2):147-52. [DOI:10.1016/j.phrs.2004.06.011] [PMID].

  • 14.

    Sardi AE, Renaud PE, da Cunha Lana P, Camus L. Baseline levels of oxidative stress biomarkers in species from a subtropical estuarine system (Paranagu Bay, southern Brazil). Mar Pollut Bull. 2016; 113(1-2):496-508. [DOI:10.1016/j.marpolbul. 2016.08.014] [PMID].

  • 15.

    Barani F, Afzalpour ME, Ilbiegi S, Kazemi T, Mohammadi Fard M. [The effect of resistance and combined exercise on serum levels of liver enzymes and fitness indicators in women with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (Persian)]. J Birjand Uni Med Sci. 2014; 21(2):188-202. http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-1588-en.html.

  • 16.

    Gao W, Pu L, Wei J, Yao Z, Wang Y, Shi T, et al. Serum antioxidant parameters are significantly increased in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus after consumption of Chinese propolis: a randomized controlled trial based on fasting serum glucose level. Diabetes Ther. 2018; 9(1):101-11.[DOI:10.1007/s13300-017-0341-9] [PMID] [PMCID].

  • 17.

    Zhao L, Pu L, Wei J, Li J, Wu J, Xin Z, et al. Brazilian green propels improves antioxidant function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2016; 13(5):498. [DOI:10.3390/ijerph13050498] [PMID] [PMCID].

  • 18.

    Davoodi M. [The effect of eight weeks selected aerobic exercise on liver parenchyma and liver enzymes (AST, ALT) of fat liver patients (Persian)]. J Shahrekord Univ Med Sci. 2012; 14.http://eprints.skums.ac.ir/3877/.

  • 19.

    Sharma M, Pillai K, Husain S, Giri D. Protective role of propels against alcohol carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Indian J Pharmacol. 1997; 29(2):76.https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Protective-roleof-propolis-against-alcohol-carbon-Sharma-Pillai/e4f3e9b-3c42a53b92734adc3c083d5c0ee448adf.

  • 20.

    Kolankaya D, Selmanolu G, Sorkun K, Salih B. Protective effects of Turkish propels on alcohol-induced serum lipid changes and liver injury in male rats. Food Chemistry. 2002; 78(2):213-7. [DOI:10.1016/S0308-8146(01)00400-9].

  • 21.

    Trkez H, Yousef MI, Geyikoglu F. Propolis prevents aluminium-induced genetic and hepatic damages in rat liver. Food Chem Toxicol. 2010; 48(10):2741-6 [DOI:10.1016/j.fct.2010.06.049] [PMID].

  • 22.

    Zakerkish M, Jenabi M, Zaeemzadeh N, Hemmati AA, Neisi N. The effect of Iranian propolis on glucose metabolism, lipid profile, insulin resistance, renal function and inflammatory biomarkers in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized double-blind clinical trial. Sci Rep. 2019; 9(1):1-1.[DOI:10.1038/s41598-019-43838-8] [PMID] [PMCID].

  • 23.

    Oroli N, Landeka Jurevi I, iki D, Rogi D, Odeh D, Balta V, et al. Effect of propolis on diet-induced hyperlipidemia and atherogenic indices in Mice. Antioxidants. 2019; 8(6):156. [DOI:10.3390/antiox8060156] [PMID] [PMCID].

  • 24.

    Basirat-Dehkordi S, Vahidian-Rezazadeh M, Moghtaderi A. [Response of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase enzymes to aerobic exercise and royal jelly in Multiple Sclerosis patients (Persian)]. Feyz. 2019; 23(4):352-60. http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-3841-en.html.

  • 25.

    Masoodsinaki H, Nazarali P, Hanachi P. [Evaluation and impact of omega-3 supplementation with a period of selective aerobic exercise on liver enzymes (AST-ALT) of active student girls (Persian)]. Hormozgan Med J. 2014; 18(3):226-34.http://eprints.hums.ac.ir/478/.

  • 26.

    Orsatti C, Missima F, Pagliarone A, Bachiega TF, Bfalo M, Arajo Jr J, et al. Propolis immunomodulatory action in vivo on Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 expression and on proinflammatory cytokines production in mice. Phytotherapy Research. 2010; 24(8):1141-6. [DOI:10.1002/ptr.3086] [PMID].

  • 27.

    Falco SI, Toms A, Vale N, Gomes P, Freire C, Vilas-Boas M. Phenolic quantification and botanical origin of Portuguese propolis. Industrial Crops and Products. 2013; 49:805-12.[DOI:10.1016/j.indcrop.2013.07.021].

  • 28.

    Potkonjak NI, Veselinovi DS, Novakovi MM, Gorjanovi S, Pezo LL, Sunjevi D. Antioxidant activity of propels extracts from Serbia: A polarographic approach. Food Chem Toxicol. 2012; 50(10):3614-8. [DOI:10.1016/j.fct.2012.07.029] [PMID].

  • 29.

    Gheibi N, Shahbazi J, Zarmohammadi Z, Alipoor Heydari M, Kakaeie E, Sofiabadi M. [Effect of oral administration of ethanolic extracts of propolis on passive avoidance learning and memory in adult male mice (Persian)]. JArUMS. 2017; 17(1):104-12. http://jarums.arums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_id=1319&sid=1&slc_lang=en.

  • 30.

    Gheibi N, Teimouri H, Kochaki R, Mehri A, Azizi SR, Kiani R, et al. [The effects of combination of honey, ostrich oil and propels on skin wound healing in rats (Persian)]. J Torbat Heydariyeh Uni Med Sci. 2018; 5(4):39-45. https://www.sid. ir/fa/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=312906##.