Immunophenotyping of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Qazvin City, Iran: A Cross-Sectional Study

Majid Vafaie; Hamid Sadeghi; Hamid Sadeghi; Saeideh Gholamzadeh Khoei

Journal of Inflammatory Diseases

The Official Journal of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences

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Immunophenotyping of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Qazvin City, Iran: A Cross-Sectional Study

Author(s):

Majid Vafaie¹,

Hamid Sadeghi¹,

Hamid Sadeghi²,

Saeideh Gholamzadeh Khoei

^3,*

1Clinical Research Development Unit, Qods Hospital, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.

2Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.

3Clinical Research Development Unit, Kowsar Hospital, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.

Journal of Inflammatory Diseases:Vol. 26, issue 4; 209-216

Article type:Research Article

How to Cite:Majid VafaieHamid SadeghiHamid SadeghiSaeideh Gholamzadeh KhoeiImmunophenotyping of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Qazvin City, Iran: A Cross-Sectional Study.J Inflamm Dis.26(4):e156328.

Abstract

Background: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most prevalent childhood cancer. ALL is a heterogeneous type of malignancy and treatment protocols vary based on the immunological classification of ALL. The critical step for treating ALL is to identify immunological subgroups by flow cytometry findings. Objective: In this study, immunophenotypic information was evaluated for the first time in children with ALL in Qazvin City, Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study reviewed the clinical and laboratory data of children with ALL during 2019-2020. Next, children with ALL were immunophenotyped by flow cytometry applying a panel of the specific monoclonal antibodies for some clusters of differentiation (CD) molecules, including CD20, CD21, CD10, CD34, CD38, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT). The data were separately analyzed using SPSS software, version 24. Findings: Of 52 children with ALL in the age range of 6 months to 15 years, 23 children (44.23%) had B-ALL-ProB (pro-B) cell immunotyping features, 26 (50%) had B-ALL-PreB (pre-B) cell immunotyping features, and 3 (5.7%) had T-cell immunotyping features. The ages of T-cell group children were higher than those of B-cell group children. The most common clinical and laboratory findings were fever (26 cases, 55.31%). In 55% of children, periodic acid-schiff (PAS) staining was positive. The presence of the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) enzyme was higher in B-cell patients than in T-cell cases. Children with CD34+ were higher in the pro-B group than in the pre-B group. Conclusion: our study shows that the immunophenotypic characteristics of children with ALL are more similar to previous reports and can be used for monitoring and prognosis of children with ALL in Qazvin City.

Keywords

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Immunophenotyping

Flow cytometry

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