Demographic, Clinical, and Paraclinical Characteristics of the Fourth Surge of the COVID-19 Pandemic

Majid Eterafi; Shima Makaremi; Hamidreza Shaker; Nasrin Fouladi; Vahid Khaze Shahgoli; Farhad Jeddi; Elham Safarzadeh

Journal of Inflammatory Diseases

The Official Journal of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences

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Demographic, Clinical, and Paraclinical Characteristics of the Fourth Surge of the COVID-19 Pandemic

Author(s):

Majid Eterafi¹,

Shima Makaremi²,

Hamidreza Shaker¹,

Nasrin Fouladi²,

Vahid Khaze Shahgoli³,

Farhad Jeddi⁴,

Elham Safarzadeh^5,*

1Students Research Committee, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.

2Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.

3Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

4Department of Medical Genetics and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.

5Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran. , e.safarzadeh@arums.ac.ir

Journal of Inflammatory Diseases:Vol. 26, issue 3; e156373

Article type:Research Article

How to Cite:Majid EterafiShima MakaremiHamidreza ShakerNasrin FouladiVahid Khaze ShahgoliFarhad JeddiElham Safarzadehet al.Demographic, Clinical, and Paraclinical Characteristics of the Fourth Surge of the COVID-19 Pandemic.J Inflamm Dis.26(3):e156373.

Abstract

Background: Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), an infectious disease, has been known as a worldwide pandemic involving many countries, including Iran. Meantime, the analyses of clinical and demographic features of the fourth surge in COVID-19 patients provide a better overview of disease management and mortality reduction.
Objective: This study aimed to identify the effective clinical and demographic hallmarks of the fourth wave of COVID-19 in Ardabil Province, Iran.
Methods: We carried out a population-based analytical cross-sectional study using clinical and demographic characteristics of COVID-19 from February 2021 to May 2021 among confirmed COVID-19 patients who were admitted to the hospital during the fourth surge. Predictors of intensive care unit (ICU) admission and death were evaluated by controlling for intervening variables.
Findings: We evaluated 500 patients, of whom 54.5% were men, and 45.5% were women. Among them, 35.1% of patients had hypertension as the main comorbidity, followed by diabetes (21.4%), cardiovascular disease (8.4 %), renal diseases (2.4%), and others. The findings indicated that increasing age has increased mortality among patients with COVID-19. Moreover, our results showed that among the analyzed items, age, sex, and cerebral vascular accident (CVA) were indicated as predictors of ICU admission.
Conclusion: This evaluation demonstrated that old age and comorbidities are two major risk factors for reducing the probability of recovery and increasing admission to the ICU. Therefore, elderly individuals with at least one co-morbidity are at higher risk of becoming infected.

Keywords

Manifestations

Demographic factors

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)

Comorbidity

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