Keywords
Dear Editor,
The World Health Organization (WHO) stated that the prevalence of diabetes rose faster in low and middle-income countries over the past decade. Several years ago, South Africa and Ethiopia were said to have more diabetes cases than Nigeria. However, currently, Nigeria has the highest incidence of diabetes in sub-Saharan Africa. The WHO estimated a 4.3% prevalence of diabetes in Nigeria in 2016 (1) Some local studies conducted in Nigeria found a prevalence between 0.8% and 11% (2). A previous study reported that about 4.7 million Nigerians had type 2 diabetes (3).
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is predominant among diabetes mellitus patients in Nigeria, accounting for more than 90% of the total cases (4, 5). It was estimated that diabetes killed more than 40,000 Nigerians in 2015, and such a huge loss is due to the lack of efficient and effective healthcare delivery. There are millions of Nigerians who are diabetic but are yet to be diagnosed and treated. The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) estimated that about two-thirds of people with diabetes in Africa are undiagnosed. The complications of diabetes are very serious, including stroke, heart attack, kidney failure, blindness, etc. The WHO predicts diabetes to become the seventh leading cause of death in the world by the year 2030 (6).
In 2015, diabetes was the sixth leading cause of death in lower-middle-income countries. The WHO reported that most of the sub-Saharan African countries do not have a diabetes registry as of 2015, only 17.0% of them had diabetes registry. The WHO calls upon governments to help and ensure that people are properly diagnosed as most of the cases in Africa are undiagnosed. People should be able to make healthy choices, eat healthily, and be physically active.
References
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1.
World Health Organization. Diabetes country profile: Nigeria. 2016, [cited 2018 Dec 5]. Available from: http://www.who.int/diabetes/countryprofiles/nga_en.pdf?ua=1.
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2.
Dahiru T, Aliyu AA, Shehu AU. A review of population-based studies on diabetes mellitus in Nigeria. Sub-Saharan Afr J Med. 2016;3(2). https://doi.org/10.4103/2384-5147.184351.
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3.
Ajikobi D. Does Nigeria have the most people with diabetes in sub-Saharan Africa?. 2018, [cited 2020 Apr 27]. Available from: https://africacheck.org/reports/nigeria-people-diabetes-sub-saharan-africa/.
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4.
Uloko AE, Ofoegbu EN, Chinenye S, Fasanmade OA, Fasanmade AA, Ogbera AO, et al. Profile of Nigerians with diabetes mellitus - Diabcare Nigeria study group (2008): Results of a multicenter study. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2012;16(4):558-64. [PubMed ID: 22837916]. [PubMed Central ID: PMC3401756]. https://doi.org/10.4103/2230-8210.98011.
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5.
Leive A, Xu K. Coping with out-of-pocket health payments: empirical evidence from 15 African countries. Bull World Health Organ. 2008;86(11):849-56. [PubMed ID: 19030690]. [PubMed Central ID: PMC2649544]. https://doi.org/10.2471/blt.07.049403.
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6.
Muanya C. 1.6m Nigerians live with diabetes as disease kills over 40,000. 2016, [cited 2020 Apr 27]. Available from: https://guardian.ng/news/1-6m-nigerians-live-with-diabetes-as-disease-kills-over-40000/.