In Vitro Antifungal Activity of Luliconazole, Efinaconazole, and Nine Comparators Against Aspergillus and Candida Strains Isolated from Otomycosis

Gholamreza  Shokoohi; Reza Rouhi Sefidmazgi; Mohammad Etehadnezhad; Bahram Ahmadi; Javad Javidnia; Sadegh Nouripour-Sisakht; Farhang  Hooshmand; Ali Rezaei-Matehkolaei; Seyede Nadia  Tabatabaeifar; Saham Ansari

doi:10.5812/jjm.115902

Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology

Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences

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https://doi.org/10.5812/jjm.115902

In Vitro Antifungal Activity of Luliconazole, Efinaconazole, and Nine Comparators Against Aspergillus and Candida Strains Isolated from Otomycosis

Author(s):

Gholamreza Shokoohi

^{1, 2},

Reza Rouhi Sefidmazgi^{2, 3},

Mohammad Etehadnezhad^{1, 2},

Bahram Ahmadi

⁴,

Javad Javidnia

^{5, 6},

Sadegh Nouripour-Sisakht

⁷,

Farhang Hooshmand

^{2, 8},

Ali Rezaei-Matehkolaei

⁹,

Seyede Nadia Tabatabaeifar¹⁰,

Saham Ansari

^11,*

1Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran

2Zoonosis Research Center, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran

3Department of Medical Otorhinolaryngology, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran

4Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedical, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran

5Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran

6Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran

7Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran

8Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran

9Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran

10Department of Internal Medicine, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

11Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology:Vol. 14, issue 4; e115902

Published online:Jul 18, 2021

Article type:Research Article

Received:May 05, 2021

Accepted:Jul 05, 2021

How to Cite:Shokoohi G, Rouhi Sefidmazgi R, Etehadnezhad M, Ahmadi B, Javidnia J, et al. In Vitro Antifungal Activity of Luliconazole, Efinaconazole, and Nine Comparators Against Aspergillus and Candida Strains Isolated from Otomycosis.Jundishapur J Microbiol.2021;14(4):e115902.https://doi.org/10.5812/jjm.115902.

Abstract

Background:

Aspergillus and Candida species are the most commonly identified fungal pathogens in otomycosis. However, we usually encounter some difficulties in its treatment because many patients show resistance to antifungal agents and present a high recurrence rate.

Objectives:

The current research was conducted to compare the in vitro activities of luliconazole (LUL), and efinaconazole (EFN) and the nine comparators on Aspergillus and Candida strains isolated from otomycosis.

Methods:

The in vitro activities of nine common antifungal drugs (amphotericin B (AMB), voriconazole (VRC), fluconazole (FLU), itraconazole (ITC), ketoconazole (KTO), clotrimazole (CLO), nystatin (NYS), terbinafine (TRB), and caspofungin (CAS)) and two novel new azoles (LUL and EFN) against 108 clinical isolates of Aspergillus and Candida species obtained from otomycosis were assessed according to the CLSI broth microdilution document.

Results:

The LUL and EFN had the geometric mean minimum inhibitory concentrations (GM MICs) of 0.098 and 0.109 μg/mL against all Aspergillus strains, respectively. Furthermore, the GM MICs of all Candida isolates for LUL, EFN, CAS, CLO, VRC, AMB, ITC, KTO, FLU, NYS, and TRB were calculated to be 0.133, 0.144, 0.194, 0.219, 0.475, 0.537, 0.655, 1.277, 4.905, 9.372, and 13.592 μg/mL, respectively. Additionally, 6 (35.29%), 2 (11.7%), and 1 (5.88%) Candida isolates were resistant to FLU, CAS, and VRC, respectively.

Conclusions:

As the findings indicated, LUL and EFN showed the lowest GM MIC values against the examined species. Accordingly, these novel imidazole and triazole antifungal agents can be regarded as proper candidates for the treatment of otomycosis caused by Aspergillus and Candida strains.

Keywords

Otomycosis</