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Jundishapur J Microbiol.

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In Vitro Antifungal Activity of Luliconazole, Efinaconazole, and Nine Comparators Against Aspergillus and Candida Strains Isolated from Otomycosis

Author(s):
Gholamreza  ShokoohiGholamreza ShokoohiGholamreza  Shokoohi ORCID1, 2, Reza Rouhi SefidmazgiReza Rouhi Sefidmazgi2, 3, Mohammad EtehadnezhadMohammad Etehadnezhad1, 2, Bahram AhmadiBahram AhmadiBahram Ahmadi ORCID4, Javad JavidniaJavad JavidniaJavad Javidnia ORCID5, 6, Sadegh Nouripour-SisakhtSadegh Nouripour-SisakhtSadegh Nouripour-Sisakht ORCID7, Farhang  HooshmandFarhang HooshmandFarhang  Hooshmand ORCID2, 8, Ali Rezaei-MatehkolaeiAli Rezaei-MatehkolaeiAli Rezaei-Matehkolaei ORCID9, Seyede Nadia  TabatabaeifarSeyede Nadia Tabatabaeifar10, Saham AnsariSaham AnsariSaham Ansari ORCID11,*
1Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
2Zoonosis Research Center, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
3Department of Medical Otorhinolaryngology, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
4Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedical, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
5Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
6Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
7Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
8Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
9Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
10Department of Internal Medicine, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
11Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology:Vol. 14, issue 4; e115902
Published online:Jul 18, 2021
Article type:Research Article
Received:May 05, 2021
Accepted:Jul 05, 2021
How to Cite:Shokoohi G, Rouhi Sefidmazgi R, Etehadnezhad M, Ahmadi B, Javidnia J, et al. In Vitro Antifungal Activity of Luliconazole, Efinaconazole, and Nine Comparators Against Aspergillus and Candida Strains Isolated from Otomycosis.Jundishapur J Microbiol.2021;14(4):e115902.https://doi.org/10.5812/jjm.115902.

Abstract

Background:

Aspergillus and Candida species are the most commonly identified fungal pathogens in otomycosis. However, we usually encounter some difficulties in its treatment because many patients show resistance to antifungal agents and present a high recurrence rate.

Objectives:

The current research was conducted to compare the in vitro activities of luliconazole (LUL), and efinaconazole (EFN) and the nine comparators on Aspergillus and Candida strains isolated from otomycosis.

Methods:

The in vitro activities of nine common antifungal drugs (amphotericin B (AMB), voriconazole (VRC), fluconazole (FLU), itraconazole (ITC), ketoconazole (KTO), clotrimazole (CLO), nystatin (NYS), terbinafine (TRB), and caspofungin (CAS)) and two novel new azoles (LUL and EFN) against 108 clinical isolates of Aspergillus and Candida species obtained from otomycosis were assessed according to the CLSI broth microdilution document.

Results:

The LUL and EFN had the geometric mean minimum inhibitory concentrations (GM MICs) of 0.098 and 0.109 μg/mL against all Aspergillus strains, respectively. Furthermore, the GM MICs of all Candida isolates for LUL, EFN, CAS, CLO, VRC, AMB, ITC, KTO, FLU, NYS, and TRB were calculated to be 0.133, 0.144, 0.194, 0.219, 0.475, 0.537, 0.655, 1.277, 4.905, 9.372, and 13.592 μg/mL, respectively. Additionally, 6 (35.29%), 2 (11.7%), and 1 (5.88%) Candida isolates were resistant to FLU, CAS, and VRC, respectively.

Conclusions:

As the findings indicated, LUL and EFN showed the lowest GM MIC values against the examined species. Accordingly, these novel imidazole and triazole antifungal agents can be regarded as proper candidates for the treatment of otomycosis caused by Aspergillus and Candida strains.

Keywords