Abstract
Introduction and objective: Increasing number of people are using mouthwashes for general and oral health care. Few of these mouthwashes, however, have undergone rigorous testing, as evidenced by the limited amount of information on their safety and efficacy in the literature. The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial properties of ten commonly available mouthwashes against four oral pathogens related to caries and to oral fungal infections, to verify the claims made by the manufacturers to provide information to dental professionals about the efficacy of their products in vitro and to use these mouthwashes as a base for the evaluation of antimicrobial plant products.
Materials and methods: The authors used two different techniques: microbial growth in nutrient broth by turbidity measurement and an agar well diffusion method to evaluate the antimicrobial effectiveness of ten often used mouthwashes against four microorganisms: Streptococcus mutans and Staphylococcus aureus (bacteria), Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (fungi). Nutrient broth without mouthwash and sterile distilled water served as the control respectively in the two techniques.
Results: Hexidine mouthwash emerged as the most effective mouthwash [maximum mean diameter of inhibition zone against S. aureus (28.3mm to 33.9mm) followed by S. mutans (23.6mm to 26mm), S. cerevisiae (20.6mm to 26.3mm) and minimum against C. albicans (11.9mm to 22.9mm)] followed by Chlohex and Triguard, all of which had excellent level of activity. Following Triguard were Zytee, Chlohexplus, Hexnor and Chlorhexidine that showed good antimicrobial activity and finally, displaying very little antimicrobial activity was Listerine while Toss-K and Senquel-AD totally lacked antimicrobial activity.
Conclusion: Hexidine mouthwash (ICPA Health Products Ltd., Ankleshwar, India) showed excellent antimicrobial activity against the four dental caries causing microorganisms in vitro. The six mouthwashes found to be effective against all the four tested microorganisms at all the four concentrations, comprising of Chlorhexidine gluconate as the basic constituent, presented different antimicrobial activities.
Keywords
Dental caries Antimicrobial activity Zone of inhibition Microbial growth inhibition Mouthwashes Chlorhexidine gluconate
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