Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has affected all the infrastructures of human life and has turned into a global emergency. COVID-19 infection mostly affects the respiratory system but can also cause multi-organ failure, such as acute kidney injury (AKI). The present review aims to assess the relationship between COVID-19 and kidney disorders and hypertension. The six official databases, namely PubMed, WHO COVID-19 database, Academic Search Premier, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and CORD-19, were searched for scientific reports (original articles) using the keywords: “COVID-19”, “Coronavirus”, “SARS CoV-2”, “Kidney disease”, “Acute renal failure”, “Kidney transplant”, and "Hypertension". A total of 58 articles were considered for a full review.
The prevalence of AKI was more than 6% prevalent in COVID-19 patients. Furthermore, AKI and hypertension were associated with higher morbidity and mortality. To control hypertension, there were different opinions and findings regarding the use of angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs); however, most of the studies suggested using these drugs to control blood pressure. AKI is associated with higher morbidity and mortality rates. A simple urinalysis in patients with suspected COVID-19 can reveal renal dysfunction at the earlier onset of complication, which may be very helpful before progressing to late-stage kidney disease. In addition to AKI, hypertension is considered to be accompanied by a worse prognosis. Further studies must be performed to clarify all the aspects of using hypertension medications in COVID-19 patients.
The prevalence of AKI was more than 6% prevalent in COVID-19 patients. Furthermore, AKI and hypertension were associated with higher morbidity and mortality. To control hypertension, there were different opinions and findings regarding the use of angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs); however, most of the studies suggested using these drugs to control blood pressure. AKI is associated with higher morbidity and mortality rates. A simple urinalysis in patients with suspected COVID-19 can reveal renal dysfunction at the earlier onset of complication, which may be very helpful before progressing to late-stage kidney disease. In addition to AKI, hypertension is considered to be accompanied by a worse prognosis. Further studies must be performed to clarify all the aspects of using hypertension medications in COVID-19 patients.
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Copyright
© 2024, Jundishapur Journal of Physiology. This open-access article is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 (CC BY-NC 4.0) International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which allows for the copying and redistribution of the material only for noncommercial purposes, provided that the original work is properly cited.