Medicinal Chemistry is Shaping the World of Therapy

authors:

avatar Faisal Muhammad ORCID 1 , 2 , *

Department of Public and Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Frontier University Garowe (FUG), Puntland, Somalia
Otu Institute of Research and Training (OIRT), London, United Kingdom
Journal of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences: Vol.28, issue 1; e145262
published online: March 2, 2024
article type: Letter
received: January 21, 2024
accepted: January 24, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5812/jkums-145262

how to cite: Muhammad F. Medicinal Chemistry is Shaping the World of Therapy. J Kermanshah Univ Med Sci. 2024;28(1):e145262. https://doi.org/10.5812/jkums-145262.

Dear Editor,

In today's rapidly advancing world, medicinal chemistry is crucial in developing and discovering life-saving drugs (1, 2). Medicinal chemists combine chemistry and biology to design and synthesize compounds that target specific biological pathways and processes (3, 4). Medicinal chemistry is shaping the therapy world in remarkable ways, revolutionizing healthcare and improving the quality of life for millions of people worldwide. Design and synthesis of small molecules that specifically target disease-causing molecules or pathways is one of the critical contributions of medicinal chemistry. The molecules, known as drug candidates, undergo extensive optimization to minimize side effects and maximize efficacy (4, 5). Medicinal chemists collaborate closely with biologists and pharmacologists to understand the intricate mechanisms of diseases and identify suitable targets for drug intervention (2). A rational design approach and study of structure-activity relationships are used to modify and optimize molecules for therapeutic purposes (4, 6).

Medicinal chemistry has significantly advanced the understanding and treatment of various diseases (7). For example, medicinal chemists have developed targeted therapies in oncology, which selectively inhibit specific molecular pathways involved in cancer cell growth and proliferation (5, 8, 9). This approach has revolutionized cancer treatment, leading to improved survival rates and reduced toxicity compared to traditional chemotherapy (10, 11). Medicines such as imatinib, which cures chronic myeloid leukemia, and trastuzumab, which treats HER2-positive breast cancer, are prime examples of how medicinal chemistry has revolutionized treatments for cancer (12, 13). Moreover, medicinal chemistry has been pivotal in developing antiviral drugs, particularly during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic (14, 15). In record time, medicinal chemists collaborated with virologists and other experts to identify potential drug targets for the Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) responsible for COVID-19 (14). The team utilized their knowledge of viral replication mechanisms and structure-based drug design to rapidly design and synthesize antiviral compounds that have shown promising results in combating the virus, such as remdesivir and molnupiravir (16, 17).

Additionally, medicinal chemistry has significantly contributed to neuroscience and mental health (5). Drugs that target specific receptors and neurotransmitter systems have been developed to alleviate the symptoms of neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and depression (18-20). Some of these drugs improve patients' quality of life and provide valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms of these complex disorders (21). Furthermore, the emergence of drug-resistant pathogens has posed a significant threat to global health (22). Medicinal chemists actively combat antimicrobial resistance by designing novel antibiotics and exploring alternative treatment strategies. Several innovative approaches are being used to develop effective therapies against resistant bacteria, viruses, and fungi, including structure-based drug design, fragment-based drug discovery, and repurposing existing drugs (23). Medicinal chemistry is also critical in drug safety and optimization (24). Medicinal chemists can design compounds with improved pharmacokinetic properties to reduce toxicity and enhance therapeutic effectiveness by understanding drug metabolism in the body. Prodrugs, inactive compounds transformed into active drugs in the body, can also improve drug delivery and patient compliance (25, 26).

Based on the results, medicinal chemistry is at the forefront of shaping the therapy world. Medicinal chemists have made remarkable advancements in discovering and developing life-saving drugs through the fusion of chemistry, biology, and pharmacology. Patients worldwide benefit from their contributions to oncology, infectious diseases, neurology, and drug resistance. Medicinal chemistry will remain a driving force in the quest for improved therapies and a healthier future for all as technology and scientific knowledge evolve.

References