The Effects of Heel Spring on Lower Limb Muscular Activity and Running Economy

Shahin ketabi; Uwe Gustav Kersting; Anderson de Souza Castelo Oliveira

doi:10.52547/ijmcl.4.1.19

Journal of Motor Control and Learning

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https://doi.org/10.52547/ijmcl.4.1.19

The Effects of Heel Spring on Lower Limb Muscular Activity and Running Economy

Author(s):

Shahin ketabi^1,*,

Uwe Gustav Kersting

²,

Anderson de Souza Castelo Oliveira³

1Physical education and sport sciences, Department of humanities, University of Kurdistan, Iran

2Institute of Biomechanics and Orthopedics, Collagen, Germany

3The Faculty of Engineering and Science, Aalborg University, Denmark

Journal of Motor Control and Learning:Vol. 4, issue 1; 19-31

Published online:Feb 19, 2022

Article type:Research Article

Received:Nov 01, 2021

Accepted:Feb 10, 2022

How to Cite:Shahin ketabiUwe Gustav KerstingAnderson de Souza Castelo OliveiraThe Effects of Heel Spring on Lower Limb Muscular Activity and Running Economy.J Motor Control Learn.4(1):e144309.https://doi.org/10.52547/ijmcl.4.1.19.

Abstract

Objective: Running economy (RE) is a performance variable for distance runners. It can be affected by parameters such as equipment, running technique and surface. It has been shown that substantial mechanical energy will return by shoe integrated and that energy could be stored in the Muscle Tendon Units (MTU). The purpose was to investigate the influence of three difference heel positions induced by insoles on lower limb muscular activity and VO₂ and RE (performance variable) changes during steady state running. It was hypothesized that with decreasing heel spring a linear increase in RE would be observed.
Methods: Fifteen healthy trained male runners were tested on a treadmill submaximal pace while surface electromyography (EMG) from nine muscles of leg and thigh, the VO₂ by spirometry and kinematics by 2D video camera was measured. Subjects had to run in three insoles Up Heel (UH) (14 mm heel spring), Flat insole/Heel (FH) and negative spring (DH) (Down Heel) (forefoot 5 mm higher). Data were analyzed with a repeated- measures ANOVA for significant differences between shoe insoles (p<0.05).
Results: Ankle kinematics was systematically altered in response to the inserts (expected) by VO₂ and running economy was not changed. It was shown that not all subject followed the implied changes so when looking at 10 responders a higher activity for Tibialis Anterior (TA) was shown.
Conclusion: It was concluded that heel spring potentially changes energy exchange in the triceps-surae while changes in muscle coordination may compensate for these improvements. RE is related to many factors such as running style and individually properties.

Keywords

Muscle Tendon Units (MTU)

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Author(s):

Shahin ketabi:[PubMed][Scholar]
Uwe Gustav Kersting:[PubMed][Scholar]
Anderson de Souza Castelo Oliveira:[PubMed][Scholar]