Abstract
A green and efficient one-pot, four-component synthesis of 6-amino-4-aryl-3-methyl- 2,4-dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole-carbonitrile derivatives catalyzed by borax in water has been examined and described. This method has several advantages such as environmental friendliness, shorter reaction time, excellent yields, and simple workup procedure. The in vitro cytotoxic activity of the synthesized compounds was investigated against cancer cell lines (SW48, A549, KB, HepG2) in comparison with doxorubicin, a well-known anticancer drug, using MTT colorimetric assay. The synthesized compounds showed good and reasonable cytotoxicity compared with doxorubicin in some studied cell lines. The compounds 5b, 5c, 5g in KB cell line (IC50 = 8±2.217 μM, 7±2.77 μM, 7.5±1.49 μM respectively), 5f in A549 cell line (IC50 = 31.5±2.02 μM), 5g in HepG2 cell line (IC50 = 22.5±3.09 μM), 5e, and 5i in SW48 cell line (IC50 = 23±0.772 μM, 23±4.97 μM respectively) showed the best results in close to the control drug (IC50 = 6.8±0.78 μM, 6.3±0.65 μM, 5.4±0.5 μM, 4.3±0.12 μM in A549, HepG2, KB, and SW48 cell lines respectively).
Keywords
synthesis cytotoxic activity Pyranopyrazole Borax MTT colorimetric assay
Copyright
© 2013, Author(s). This open-access article is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0) International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which allows for unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided that the original work is properly cited.