Abstract
Backgrounds:
How to dispose of sewages and effluents is an important factor affecting the level of microbial pollution in coastal swimming water. This research aimed to determine the level of global fecal indicators and some indicators of swimming pools in Iran in three coastal swimming waters in Mazandaran province, Iran.
Materials and Methods:
Samples were taken 7 times from each of the licensed coastal swimming waters for women in a two-week interval. The number of Total Coliform, Escherichia coli, Enterococci, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Heterotrophic Bacteria and the amount of Turbidity, pH, and Electrical Conductivity were made according to the 23rd edition of the book "standard methods for Water and Wastewater examination".
Results:
The observed number of Escherichia coli in the licensed coastal swimming waters of Sari, Babolsar, and Joibar was higher than the Iranian recreational water standard in 100, 85.7, and 0.0 percent of cases, respectively. Also, the number of Enterococci was higher than the Iranian standard in 85.7, 100, and 71.4 percent of cases, respectively. The average number of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CFU/100 mL) was 124 ± 56, 272 ± 184 and 103 ± 55, respectively.
Conclusion:
The level of pollution in the three coastal swimming waters was unacceptable in terms of at least one of the global fecal indicators and can endanger the health of swimmers. Based on the ratio of Escherichia coli to Enterococci, the type of contamination in Sari and Babolsar is definitely of human type but in Joibar is of animal type.
Keywords
Seawater Swimming Fecal Enviromental Pollution Escherichia coli Enterococci Pseudomonas Aeruginosa
Copyright
© 2024, Author(s). This open-access article is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0) International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which allows for unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided that the original work is properly cited.