Level of Global Indicators of Fecal and Non-fecal Pollution in Caspian Sea Coastal Swimming Waters in Mazandaran Province–Iran

Atena Merikh; Seyed Mahmoud Mehdinia; Syyareh Larimian; Tayyabeh Rastgoo; Khalilollah Moeinian

doi:10.5812/koomesh-149431

Koomesh

Journal of Semnan University of Medical Sciences

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https://doi.org/10.69107/koomesh-149431

Level of Global Indicators of Fecal and Non-fecal Pollution in Caspian Sea Coastal Swimming Waters in Mazandaran Province–Iran

Author(s):

Atena Merikh¹,

Seyed Mahmoud Mehdinia²,

Syyareh Larimian¹,

Tayyabeh Rastgoo³,

Khalilollah Moeinian^3,*

1Students Research Committee, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran

2Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran

3Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran

Koomesh:Vol. 26, issue 3; e149431

Published online:Dec 23, 2024

Article type:Research Article

How to Cite:Atena MerikhSeyed Mahmoud MehdiniaSyyareh LarimianTayyabeh RastgooKhalilollah MoeinianLevel of Global Indicators of Fecal and Non-fecal Pollution in Caspian Sea Coastal Swimming Waters in Mazandaran Province–Iran.koomesh.26(3):e149431.https://doi.org/10.69107/koomesh-149431.

Abstract

Backgrounds:

How to dispose of sewages and effluents is an important factor affecting the level of microbial pollution in coastal swimming water. This research aimed to determine the level of global fecal indicators and some indicators of swimming pools in Iran in three coastal swimming waters in Mazandaran province, Iran.

Materials and Methods:

Samples were taken 7 times from each of the licensed coastal swimming waters for women in a two-week interval. The number of Total Coliform, Escherichia coli, Enterococci, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Heterotrophic Bacteria and the amount of Turbidity, pH, and Electrical Conductivity were made according to the 23rd edition of the book "standard methods for Water and Wastewater examination".

Results:

The observed number of Escherichia coli in the licensed coastal swimming waters of Sari, Babolsar, and Joibar was higher than the Iranian recreational water standard in 100, 85.7, and 0.0 percent of cases, respectively. Also, the number of Enterococci was higher than the Iranian standard in 85.7, 100, and 71.4 percent of cases, respectively. The average number of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CFU/100 mL) was 124 ± 56, 272 ± 184 and 103 ± 55, respectively.

Conclusion:

The level of pollution in the three coastal swimming waters was unacceptable in terms of at least one of the global fecal indicators and can endanger the health of swimmers. Based on the ratio of Escherichia coli to Enterococci, the type of contamination in Sari and Babolsar is definitely of human type but in Joibar is of animal type.

Keywords

Seawater

Swimming

Fecal

Enviromental Pollution

Escherichia coli

Enterococci

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa

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Search Relations

Author(s):

Atena Merikh:[PubMed][Scholar]
Seyed Mahmoud Mehdinia:[PubMed][Scholar]
Syyareh Larimian:[PubMed][Scholar]
Tayyabeh Rastgoo:[PubMed][Scholar]
Khalilollah Moeinian:[PubMed][Scholar]