Psychological issues in children and youth during COVID-19 outbreak: A letter to Editor

authors:

avatar Azita Jaberi ORCID , *


how to cite: Jaberi A. Psychological issues in children and youth during COVID-19 outbreak: A letter to Editor. koomesh. 2021;23(3):e149949. 

Abstract

Emerging COVID-19 disease has affected various aspects of people’s life. The psychological effects of this disease, especially in children and adolescents, include a wide range of disorders such as anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, the possibility of domestic violence, addiction and substance use, dependence on cyberspace and related complications, change in patterns and daily lifestyles such as sleep, physical activity and mobility pattern disorders. The reasons for these disorders also include various aspects, such as economic reasons, school closures, being away from friends, and lack of privacy at home and lack of access to support resources. Due to the importance of these disorders in children and adolescents, measures and suggestions have been presented in this field, some of which are psychological measures and treatments and others are related to schools, teachers and counselors.

References

  • 1.

    [1] Bao Y, Sun Y, Meng S, Shi J, Lu L. 2019-nCoV epidemic: address mental health care to empower society. The Lancet 2020; 395: e37-e38.

  • 2.

    https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30309-3.

  • 3.

    [2] Duan L, Shao X, Wang Y, Huang Y, Miao J, Yang X, et al. An investigation of mental health status of children and adolescents in china during the outbreak of COVID-19. J Affect Disord 2020; 275: 112-118.

  • 4.

    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.06.029.

  • 5.

    PMid:32658812 PMCid:PMC7329661.

  • 6.

    [3] Sprang G, Silman M. Posttraumatic stress disorder in parents and youth after health-related disasters. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2013; 7: 105-110.

  • 7.

    https://doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2013.22.

  • 8.

    PMid:24618142.

  • 9.

    [4] Kar N. Depression in youth exposed to disasters, terrorism and political violence. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2019; 21: 73.

  • 10.

    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-019-1061-9.

  • 11.

    PMid:31270638.

  • 12.

    [5] Herringa RJ. Trauma, PTSD, and the developing brain. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2017; 19: 69.

  • 13.

    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-017-0825-3.

  • 14.

    PMid:28823091 PMCid:PMC5604756.

  • 15.

    [6] Jaberi A. Public psychological health in COVID-19 outbreak: actions and shortcomings. Int J Community Based Nurs Midwifery 2020; 8: 358-359.

  • 16.

    [7] Guessoum SB, Lachal J, Radjack R, Carretier E, Minassian S, Benoit L, et al. Adolescent psychiatric disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown. Psychiatry Res 2020; 113264.

  • 17.

    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113264.

  • 18.

    PMid:32622172 PMCid:PMC7323662.

  • 19.

    [8] Campbell AM. An increasing risk of family violence during the Covid-19 pandemic: Strengthening community collaborations to save lives. Forens Sci Intern Rep 2020; 100089.

  • 20.

    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsir.2020.100089.

  • 21.

    PMCid:PMC7152912.

  • 22.

    [9] Douglas PK, Douglas DB, Harrigan DC, Douglas KM. Preparing for pandemic influenza and its aftermath: mental health issues considered. Int J Emerg Ment Health 2009; 11: 137.

  • 23.

    [10] Brown SM, Doom JR, Lechuga-Pea S, Watamura SE, Koppels T. Stress and parenting during the global COVID-19 pandemic. Child Abuse Negl 2020; 104699.

  • 24.

    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104699.

  • 25.

    PMid:32859394 PMCid:PMC7440155.

  • 26.

    [11] Lawson M, Piel MH, Simon M. Child maltreatment during the CoViD-19 pandemic: consequences of parental job loss on psychological and physical abuse towards children. Child Abuse Negl 2020; 104709.

  • 27.

    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104709.

  • 28.

    PMid:32893003 PMCid:PMC7472978.

  • 29.

    [12] Barry CT, Sidoti CL, Briggs SM, Reiter SR, Lindsey RA. Adolescent social media use and mental health from adolescent and parent perspectives. J Adolesc 2017; 61: 1-11.

  • 30.

    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2017.08.005.

  • 31.

    PMid:28886571.

  • 32.

    [13] Keles B, McCrae N, Grealish A. A systematic review: the influence of social media on depression, anxiety and psychological distress in adolescents. Int J Adoles Youth 2020; 25: 79-93.

  • 33.

    https://doi.org/10.1080/02673843.2019.1590851.

  • 34.

    [14] Nuttman-Shwartz O. The moderating role of resilience resources and sense of belonging to the school among children and adolescents in continuous traumatic stress situations. J Early Adoles 2019; 39: 1261-1285.

  • 35.

    https://doi.org/10.1177/0272431618812719.

  • 36.

    [15] Wang G, Zhang Y, Zhao J, Zhang J, Jiang F. Mitigate the effects of home confinement on children during the COVID-19 outbreak. The Lancet 2020; 395: 945-947.

  • 37.

    https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30547-X.

  • 38.

    [16] World-Health-Organization. Mental health and psychosocial considerations during the COVID-19 outbreak, 18 March 2020. World Health Organization 2020.

  • 39.

    [1] Bao Y, Sun Y, Meng S, Shi J, Lu L. 2019-nCoV epidemic: address mental health care to empower society. The Lancet 2020; 395: e37-e38.

  • 40.

    https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30309-3.

  • 41.

    [2] Duan L, Shao X, Wang Y, Huang Y, Miao J, Yang X, et al. An investigation of mental health status of children and adolescents in china during the outbreak of COVID-19. J Affect Disord 2020; 275: 112-118.

  • 42.

    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.06.029.

  • 43.

    PMid:32658812 PMCid:PMC7329661.

  • 44.

    [3] Sprang G, Silman M. Posttraumatic stress disorder in parents and youth after health-related disasters. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2013; 7: 105-110.

  • 45.

    https://doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2013.22.

  • 46.

    PMid:24618142.

  • 47.

    [4] Kar N. Depression in youth exposed to disasters, terrorism and political violence. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2019; 21: 73.

  • 48.

    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-019-1061-9.

  • 49.

    PMid:31270638.

  • 50.

    [5] Herringa RJ. Trauma, PTSD, and the developing brain. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2017; 19: 69.

  • 51.

    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-017-0825-3.

  • 52.

    PMid:28823091 PMCid:PMC5604756.

  • 53.

    [6] Jaberi A. Public psychological health in COVID-19 outbreak: actions and shortcomings. Int J Community Based Nurs Midwifery 2020; 8: 358-359.

  • 54.

    [7] Guessoum SB, Lachal J, Radjack R, Carretier E, Minassian S, Benoit L, et al. Adolescent psychiatric disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown. Psychiatry Res 2020; 113264.

  • 55.

    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113264.

  • 56.

    PMid:32622172 PMCid:PMC7323662.

  • 57.

    [8] Campbell AM. An increasing risk of family violence during the Covid-19 pandemic: Strengthening community collaborations to save lives. Forens Sci Intern Rep 2020; 100089.

  • 58.

    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsir.2020.100089.

  • 59.

    PMCid:PMC7152912.

  • 60.

    [9] Douglas PK, Douglas DB, Harrigan DC, Douglas KM. Preparing for pandemic influenza and its aftermath: mental health issues considered. Int J Emerg Ment Health 2009; 11: 137.

  • 61.

    [10] Brown SM, Doom JR, Lechuga-Pea S, Watamura SE, Koppels T. Stress and parenting during the global COVID-19 pandemic. Child Abuse Negl 2020; 104699.

  • 62.

    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104699.

  • 63.

    PMid:32859394 PMCid:PMC7440155.

  • 64.

    [11] Lawson M, Piel MH, Simon M. Child maltreatment during the CoViD-19 pandemic: consequences of parental job loss on psychological and physical abuse towards children. Child Abuse Negl 2020; 104709.

  • 65.

    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104709.

  • 66.

    PMid:32893003 PMCid:PMC7472978.

  • 67.

    [12] Barry CT, Sidoti CL, Briggs SM, Reiter SR, Lindsey RA. Adolescent social media use and mental health from adolescent and parent perspectives. J Adolesc 2017; 61: 1-11.

  • 68.

    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2017.08.005.

  • 69.

    PMid:28886571.

  • 70.

    [13] Keles B, McCrae N, Grealish A. A systematic review: the influence of social media on depression, anxiety and psychological distress in adolescents. Int J Adoles Youth 2020; 25: 79-93.

  • 71.

    https://doi.org/10.1080/02673843.2019.1590851.

  • 72.

    [14] Nuttman-Shwartz O. The moderating role of resilience resources and sense of belonging to the school among children and adolescents in continuous traumatic stress situations. J Early Adoles 2019; 39: 1261-1285.

  • 73.

    https://doi.org/10.1177/0272431618812719.

  • 74.

    [15] Wang G, Zhang Y, Zhao J, Zhang J, Jiang F. Mitigate the effects of home confinement on children during the COVID-19 outbreak. The Lancet 2020; 395: 945-947.

  • 75.

    https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30547-X.

  • 76.

    [16] World-Health-Organization. Mental health and psychosocial considerations during the COVID-19 outbreak, 18 March 2020. World Health Organization 2020.